Nmap and Network Scanning

7.

Operating System Detection

7.1.

OS Fingerprinting Fundamentals

7.1.1.

TCP/IP Stack Analysis

7.1.2.

Implementation Differences

7.1.3.

Behavioral Patterns

7.2.

Active OS Detection (-O)

7.2.1.

Probe Packet Generation

7.2.2.

Response Analysis

7.2.3.

Signature Matching

7.3.

OS Detection Techniques

7.3.1.

TCP Sequence Prediction

7.3.2.

TCP Options Analysis

7.3.3.

IP ID Sequence Analysis

7.3.4.

TCP Window Size Analysis

7.3.5.

ICMP Response Analysis

7.3.6.

TCP Timestamp Analysis

7.4.

OS Detection Database

7.4.1.

nmap-os-db File

7.4.2.

Fingerprint Signatures

7.4.3.

OS Classification

7.4.4.

Device Type Detection

7.5.

Aggressive OS Detection

7.5.1.

--osscan-guess Option

7.5.2.

Lower Confidence Matches

7.5.3.

7.6.

OS Detection Limitations

7.6.1.

Firewall Interference

7.6.2.

7.6.3.

Network Address Translation

7.6.4.

Virtualization Effects

7.7.

Interpreting OS Results

7.7.1.

OS Family Detection

7.7.2.

Version Estimation

7.7.3.

Device Type Classification

7.7.4.

Confidence Percentages

7.7.5.

CPE Information

7.8.

Passive OS Fingerprinting

7.8.1.

Traffic Analysis

7.8.2.

p0f Integration

7.8.3.

Behavioral Observation

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6. Service and Version Detection

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8. Advanced Scanning Techniques