Network Performance and Routing

  1. Advanced Routing Concepts and Techniques
    1. Route Manipulation and Optimization
      1. Route Summarization
        1. Aggregation Principles
          1. Manual Summarization
            1. Summary Route Configuration
              1. Null Route Installation
              2. Automatic Summarization
                1. Classful Boundary Summarization
                  1. Protocol-Specific Behavior
                  2. Benefits of Summarization
                    1. Routing Table Size Reduction
                      1. Update Reduction
                        1. Convergence Improvement
                        2. Summarization Considerations
                          1. Black-Hole Routing
                            1. Suboptimal Routing
                              1. Route Flapping
                            2. Route Filtering
                              1. Filtering Mechanisms
                                1. Distribute Lists
                                  1. Standard Access Lists
                                    1. Extended Access Lists
                                    2. Prefix Lists
                                      1. Exact Match
                                        1. Range Matching
                                        2. Route Maps
                                          1. Complex Filtering Logic
                                            1. Attribute Modification
                                          2. IGP Route Filtering
                                            1. OSPF Filtering
                                              1. EIGRP Filtering
                                                1. RIP Filtering
                                                2. BGP Route Filtering
                                                  1. Inbound Filtering
                                                    1. Outbound Filtering
                                                      1. Community-Based Filtering
                                                    2. Route Redistribution
                                                      1. Redistribution Concepts
                                                        1. Protocol Boundaries
                                                          1. Metric Translation
                                                            1. Administrative Distance
                                                            2. Redistribution Methods
                                                              1. Static to Dynamic
                                                                1. Dynamic to Static
                                                                  1. Between Dynamic Protocols
                                                                  2. Redistribution Issues
                                                                    1. Routing Loops
                                                                      1. Suboptimal Routing
                                                                        1. Route Feedback
                                                                        2. Loop Prevention Techniques
                                                                          1. Route Tagging
                                                                            1. Administrative Distance Manipulation
                                                                              1. Filtering Strategies
                                                                          2. Policy-Based Routing (PBR)
                                                                            1. PBR Fundamentals
                                                                              1. Policy vs. Destination-Based Routing
                                                                                1. Traffic Classification
                                                                                  1. Path Selection Criteria
                                                                                  2. PBR Implementation
                                                                                    1. Route Maps for PBR
                                                                                      1. Match Criteria
                                                                                        1. Source Address
                                                                                          1. Destination Address
                                                                                            1. Packet Length
                                                                                              1. Application Type
                                                                                              2. Set Actions
                                                                                                1. Next Hop
                                                                                                  1. Interface
                                                                                                    1. Default Next Hop
                                                                                                      1. IP Precedence
                                                                                                    2. PBR Applications
                                                                                                      1. Traffic Engineering
                                                                                                        1. Load Distribution
                                                                                                          1. Path Optimization
                                                                                                          2. Security Policies
                                                                                                            1. Traffic Isolation
                                                                                                              1. Inspection Routing
                                                                                                              2. Quality of Service
                                                                                                                1. Service-Level Routing
                                                                                                                  1. Application-Based Paths
                                                                                                              3. Multipath Routing
                                                                                                                1. Load Balancing Concepts
                                                                                                                  1. Traffic Distribution Methods
                                                                                                                    1. Per-Packet vs. Per-Flow
                                                                                                                      1. Hash-Based Distribution
                                                                                                                      2. Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP)
                                                                                                                        1. ECMP Operation
                                                                                                                          1. Load Balancing Algorithms
                                                                                                                            1. Round-Robin
                                                                                                                              1. Hash-Based
                                                                                                                                1. Weighted Distribution
                                                                                                                                2. Protocol Support
                                                                                                                                  1. OSPF ECMP
                                                                                                                                    1. EIGRP Equal-Cost
                                                                                                                                      1. BGP Multipath
                                                                                                                                    2. Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
                                                                                                                                      1. EIGRP Variance
                                                                                                                                        1. Feasible Successor Requirements
                                                                                                                                          1. Traffic Distribution Ratios
                                                                                                                                        2. IPv6 Routing
                                                                                                                                          1. IPv6 Routing Fundamentals
                                                                                                                                            1. IPv6 Address Structure
                                                                                                                                              1. Longest Prefix Match in IPv6
                                                                                                                                                1. IPv6 Route Types
                                                                                                                                                2. OSPFv3
                                                                                                                                                  1. Differences from OSPFv2
                                                                                                                                                    1. Address Family Independence
                                                                                                                                                      1. Authentication Changes
                                                                                                                                                      2. OSPFv3 Configuration
                                                                                                                                                        1. LSA Types in OSPFv3
                                                                                                                                                        2. EIGRP for IPv6
                                                                                                                                                          1. IPv6 Address Family
                                                                                                                                                            1. Configuration Differences
                                                                                                                                                              1. Dual-Stack Considerations
                                                                                                                                                              2. MP-BGP for IPv6
                                                                                                                                                                1. Multiprotocol Extensions
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Address Family Identifier (AFI)
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI)
                                                                                                                                                                      1. IPv6 Unicast Address Family
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Dual-Stack Routing
                                                                                                                                                                        1. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Protocol Preference
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Transition Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                          2. High Availability and Redundancy
                                                                                                                                                                            1. First Hop Redundancy Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                              1. FHRP Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Virtual IP Address
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Active/Standby Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Failover Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. HSRP Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. HSRP States
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Initial
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Learn
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Listen
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Speak
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Standby
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Active
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. HSRP Timers
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. HSRP Authentication
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. HSRP Load Balancing
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. VRRP Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Master and Backup Routers
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. VRRP Priority
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. VRRP Advertisements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Preemption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. GLBP Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Active Virtual Gateway (AVG)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Load Balancing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Round-Robin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Weighted
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Host-Dependent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Fast Convergence Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. BFD Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. BFD Session Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Integration with Routing Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. BFD Timers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Fast Hello Timers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Protocol-Specific Implementations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Convergence vs. Stability Trade-offs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Event-Driven Updates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Triggered Updates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Incremental SPF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Graceful Restart
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Graceful Restart Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Protocol Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. OSPF Graceful Restart
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. BGP Graceful Restart
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Non-Stop Forwarding (NSF)

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7. Quality of Service (QoS) for Performance Management