Natural Language Processing (NLP)

  1. Core NLP Applications
    1. Machine Translation
      1. Translation Paradigms
        1. Rule-Based Translation
          1. Statistical Machine Translation
            1. Neural Machine Translation
            2. Evaluation Metrics
              1. BLEU Score
                1. METEOR
                  1. BERTScore
                    1. Human Evaluation
                    2. Challenges
                      1. Low-Resource Languages
                        1. Domain Adaptation
                          1. Multimodal Translation
                        2. Text Summarization
                          1. Extractive Methods
                            1. Sentence Ranking
                              1. Graph-Based Methods
                                1. Clustering Approaches
                                2. Abstractive Methods
                                  1. Sequence-to-Sequence Models
                                    1. Pointer-Generator Networks
                                      1. Pre-trained Model Fine-tuning
                                      2. Evaluation
                                        1. ROUGE Metrics
                                          1. Human Assessment
                                            1. Factual Consistency
                                          2. Question Answering
                                            1. Reading Comprehension
                                              1. Span Selection
                                                1. Multiple Choice
                                                  1. Generative Answers
                                                  2. Open-Domain QA
                                                    1. Retrieval-Augmented Generation
                                                      1. Dense Passage Retrieval
                                                        1. Knowledge-Grounded QA
                                                        2. Conversational QA
                                                          1. Multi-turn Dialogue
                                                            1. Context Tracking
                                                              1. Follow-up Questions
                                                            2. Sentiment Analysis
                                                              1. Polarity Classification
                                                                1. Binary Sentiment
                                                                  1. Multi-class Sentiment
                                                                    1. Fine-grained Sentiment
                                                                    2. Aspect-Based Sentiment
                                                                      1. Aspect Extraction
                                                                        1. Sentiment Classification
                                                                          1. Aspect-Sentiment Pairs
                                                                          2. Emotion Detection
                                                                            1. Emotion Taxonomies
                                                                              1. Multi-label Classification
                                                                                1. Intensity Prediction
                                                                              2. Information Retrieval
                                                                                1. Classical IR
                                                                                  1. Boolean Models
                                                                                    1. Vector Space Models
                                                                                      1. Probabilistic Models
                                                                                      2. Neural IR
                                                                                        1. Dense Retrieval
                                                                                          1. Learned Sparse Retrieval
                                                                                            1. Cross-Encoder Reranking
                                                                                            2. Evaluation
                                                                                              1. Precision and Recall
                                                                                                1. Mean Average Precision
                                                                                                  1. Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain
                                                                                                2. Dialogue Systems
                                                                                                  1. Task-Oriented Systems
                                                                                                    1. Intent Recognition
                                                                                                      1. Slot Filling
                                                                                                        1. Dialogue State Tracking
                                                                                                          1. Response Generation
                                                                                                          2. Open-Domain Chatbots
                                                                                                            1. Retrieval-Based Methods
                                                                                                              1. Generative Methods
                                                                                                                1. Hybrid Approaches
                                                                                                                2. Evaluation
                                                                                                                  1. Task Success Rate
                                                                                                                    1. User Satisfaction
                                                                                                                      1. Response Quality

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                                                                                                                  13. Advanced Topics