Microservices Security

  1. Secrets Management
    1. What Constitutes a Secret
      1. API Keys and Tokens
        1. Database Credentials
          1. TLS Certificates and Private Keys
            1. Encryption Keys
              1. Third-party Service Credentials
                1. Configuration Secrets
                2. The Problem of Secrets Sprawl
                  1. Hardcoded Secrets in Code
                    1. Risks and Detection
                      1. Code Scanning Tools
                      2. Secrets in Configuration Files
                        1. Secure Configuration Management
                          1. Configuration Encryption
                          2. Secrets in Environment Variables
                            1. Exposure Risks
                              1. Process Memory Concerns
                              2. Secrets in Container Images
                                1. Image Layer Security
                                  1. Build-time Secret Injection
                                2. Secure Secrets Storage Solutions
                                  1. Centralized Secret Stores (Vaults)
                                    1. Features and Capabilities
                                      1. Access Control Mechanisms
                                        1. High Availability
                                        2. Cloud Provider Solutions
                                          1. AWS Secrets Manager
                                            1. Azure Key Vault
                                              1. Google Cloud Secret Manager
                                                1. Integration with Cloud IAM
                                                2. Open Source Solutions
                                                  1. HashiCorp Vault
                                                    1. Kubernetes Secrets
                                                  2. Secure Secrets Distribution
                                                    1. Dynamic Secret Generation
                                                      1. Ephemeral Credentials
                                                        1. Time-based Rotation
                                                        2. Just-in-Time Access
                                                          1. Time-limited Access Tokens
                                                            1. On-demand Secret Provisioning
                                                            2. Secure Injection into Services
                                                              1. Sidecar Injection
                                                                1. Environment Variable Management
                                                                  1. Volume Mounting
                                                                  2. Application Identity for Secrets Retrieval
                                                                    1. Service Account Management
                                                                      1. Identity Federation
                                                                        1. Workload Identity

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                                                                    3. Securing Service-to-Service Communication

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                                                                    5. Container and Orchestration Security