Machine Learning Pipelines

  1. Core Stages of an ML Pipeline
    1. Data Ingestion
      1. Sources of Data
        1. Batch Data
          1. Files
            1. CSV Files
              1. Parquet Files
                1. JSON Files
                  1. XML Files
                  2. Databases
                    1. SQL Databases
                      1. NoSQL Databases
                        1. Data Warehouses
                          1. Data Lakes
                        2. Streaming Data
                          1. Event Streams
                            1. Apache Kafka
                              1. Amazon Kinesis
                                1. Apache Pulsar
                                2. APIs
                                  1. REST APIs
                                    1. GraphQL APIs
                                      1. Webhooks
                                        1. WebSocket Connections
                                    2. Data Loading Mechanisms
                                      1. File Readers and Parsers
                                        1. Format-specific Parsers
                                          1. Schema Inference
                                            1. Error Handling in Parsing
                                            2. Database Connectors
                                              1. Connection Pooling
                                                1. Query Optimization
                                                  1. Transaction Management
                                                  2. Stream Consumers
                                                    1. Consumer Groups
                                                      1. Offset Management
                                                        1. Backpressure Handling
                                                        2. Data Buffering and Caching
                                                          1. Memory Buffering
                                                            1. Disk-based Caching
                                                              1. Distributed Caching
                                                            2. Data Quality Assessment at Ingestion
                                                              1. Initial Data Profiling
                                                                1. Format Validation
                                                                  1. Completeness Checks
                                                                2. Data Validation
                                                                  1. Schema Validation
                                                                    1. Data Type Checks
                                                                      1. Primitive Type Validation
                                                                        1. Complex Type Validation
                                                                          1. Type Coercion Rules
                                                                          2. Required Fields and Constraints
                                                                            1. Null Value Constraints
                                                                              1. Unique Constraints
                                                                                1. Foreign Key Constraints
                                                                                2. Schema Evolution Handling
                                                                                  1. Backward Compatibility
                                                                                    1. Forward Compatibility
                                                                                      1. Schema Migration
                                                                                    2. Statistical Property Checks
                                                                                      1. Distribution Analysis
                                                                                        1. Univariate Distributions
                                                                                          1. Multivariate Distributions
                                                                                            1. Distribution Comparison
                                                                                            2. Range and Value Checks
                                                                                              1. Min-Max Validation
                                                                                                1. Categorical Value Validation
                                                                                                  1. Pattern Matching
                                                                                                  2. Data Consistency Checks
                                                                                                    1. Cross-field Validation
                                                                                                      1. Business Rule Validation
                                                                                                    2. Anomaly and Outlier Detection
                                                                                                      1. Statistical Methods
                                                                                                        1. Z-score Analysis
                                                                                                          1. Interquartile Range Method
                                                                                                            1. Isolation Forest
                                                                                                            2. Rule-based Detection
                                                                                                              1. Threshold-based Rules
                                                                                                                1. Pattern-based Rules
                                                                                                                  1. Domain-specific Rules
                                                                                                                  2. Machine Learning-based Detection
                                                                                                                  3. Data Drift and Concept Drift
                                                                                                                    1. Detecting Data Drift
                                                                                                                      1. Statistical Tests
                                                                                                                        1. Distribution Comparison Methods
                                                                                                                          1. Feature-level Drift Detection
                                                                                                                          2. Detecting Concept Drift
                                                                                                                            1. Performance-based Detection
                                                                                                                              1. Model-based Detection
                                                                                                                                1. Ground Truth Comparison
                                                                                                                                2. Responding to Drift
                                                                                                                                  1. Alerting Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                    1. Automatic Retraining Triggers
                                                                                                                                      1. Manual Review Processes
                                                                                                                                  2. Data Preprocessing and Cleaning
                                                                                                                                    1. Handling Missing Values
                                                                                                                                      1. Imputation Techniques
                                                                                                                                        1. Mean Imputation
                                                                                                                                          1. Median Imputation
                                                                                                                                            1. Mode Imputation
                                                                                                                                              1. Forward Fill and Backward Fill
                                                                                                                                                1. Interpolation Methods
                                                                                                                                                  1. Model-based Imputation
                                                                                                                                                  2. Removing Incomplete Records
                                                                                                                                                    1. Listwise Deletion
                                                                                                                                                      1. Pairwise Deletion
                                                                                                                                                        1. Pattern-based Deletion
                                                                                                                                                      2. Data Type Conversion
                                                                                                                                                        1. Numeric and Categorical Conversion
                                                                                                                                                          1. String to Numeric Conversion
                                                                                                                                                            1. Numeric to Categorical Conversion
                                                                                                                                                              1. Boolean Conversion
                                                                                                                                                              2. Date and Time Parsing
                                                                                                                                                                1. Format Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Timezone Handling
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Date Arithmetic
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Data Formatting and Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Normalizing Formats
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Case Normalization
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Whitespace Handling
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Character Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Consistent Units and Scales
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Unit Conversion
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Scale Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Currency Normalization
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Text Cleaning and Tokenization
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Removing Special Characters
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tokenization Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stop Word Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stemming and Lemmatization
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Handling Duplicates
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Duplicate Detection Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Deduplication Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Record Linkage
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Outlier Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Outlier Detection Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Outlier Removal Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Outlier Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Feature Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Feature Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Scaling and Normalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Min-Max Scaling
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Robust Scaling
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Unit Vector Scaling
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Encoding Categorical Variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. One-Hot Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Label Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Target Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Binary Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Frequency Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Discretization and Binning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Equal-width Binning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Equal-frequency Binning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Quantile Binning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Custom Binning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Mathematical Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Logarithmic Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Square Root Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Box-Cox Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Yeo-Johnson Transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Feature Creation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Polynomial Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Interaction Terms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Higher-order Polynomials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cross Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Aggregated Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Statistical Aggregations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Time-based Aggregations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Group-based Aggregations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Date and Time Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Temporal Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cyclical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Time Differences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Holiday and Event Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Domain-specific Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Text Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Image Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Geospatial Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Feature Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Filter Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Correlation Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Statistical Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chi-square Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. ANOVA F-test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mutual Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Variance Thresholding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Wrapper Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Recursive Feature Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Forward Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Backward Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Exhaustive Search
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Embedded Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Regularization Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. L1 Regularization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. L2 Regularization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Elastic Net
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Feature Importance from Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tree-based Importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Permutation Importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. SHAP Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Feature Validation and Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Feature Quality Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Feature Stability Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Feature Performance Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Model Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Algorithm Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Criteria for Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Problem Type Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Data Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Performance Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Interpretability Needs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Model Families
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Linear Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Tree-based Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Neural Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ensemble Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Probabilistic Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Algorithm Comparison Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Data Splitting Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Holdout Method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Simple Random Split
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stratified Split
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Time-based Split
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Cross-Validation Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. K-Fold Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stratified K-Fold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Time Series Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Group-based Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Validation Set Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Training Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Model Fitting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Batch Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Online Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mini-batch Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Handling Class Imbalance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sampling Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cost-sensitive Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ensemble Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Training Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Loss Tracking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Convergence Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Overfitting Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Hyperparameter Tuning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Search Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Grid Search
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Random Search
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Bayesian Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Evolutionary Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Advanced Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-fidelity Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Population-based Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hyperband Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Early Stopping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Patience-based Stopping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Performance-based Stopping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Resource-based Stopping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Cross-Validation in Tuning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nested Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hold-out Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Time Series Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Model Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Performance Metrics Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Classification Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Accuracy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Precision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Recall
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. F1 Score
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. ROC-AUC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Precision-Recall AUC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Matthews Correlation Coefficient
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Regression Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mean Squared Error
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Root Mean Squared Error
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mean Absolute Error
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mean Absolute Percentage Error
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. R-squared
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Adjusted R-squared
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Clustering Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Silhouette Score
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Davies-Bouldin Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Calinski-Harabasz Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Adjusted Rand Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Ranking Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mean Average Precision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mean Reciprocal Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Validation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cross-Validation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. K-Fold Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Stratified K-Fold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Time Series Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Bootstrap Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hold-out Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Model Comparison and Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Statistical Significance Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Model Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Information Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cross-Validation Scores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Business Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Ensemble Model Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Error Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Confusion Matrix Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Residual Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Residual Plots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Normality Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Heteroscedasticity Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Bias and Variance Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bias-Variance Decomposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Learning Curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Validation Curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Feature Importance Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Model Interpretability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Global Interpretability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Local Interpretability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Model-agnostic Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Model Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Deployment Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Service-based Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. REST API Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. gRPC Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. GraphQL Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Batch Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Scheduled Batch Jobs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. On-demand Batch Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bulk Scoring Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Edge and Mobile Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Model Optimization for Edge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. On-device Inference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Federated Learning Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Embedded Systems Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Deployment Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Canary Releases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Traffic Splitting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gradual Rollout
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. A/B Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Experiment Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Statistical Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Decision Making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Shadow Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Parallel Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Performance Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Risk Mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Blue-Green Deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environment Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Instant Switching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Rollback Capabilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Infrastructure Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Containerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Orchestration Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Load Balancing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Auto-scaling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Rollback and Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rollback Triggers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Recovery Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Data Consistency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Model Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tracking Model Performance in Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Real-time Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Batch Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Business Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Performance Degradation Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Threshold-based Alerts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Trend Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Anomaly Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Alerting Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Alert Configuration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Escalation Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Notification Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Data Quality Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Input Data Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Data Drift Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Statistical Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Machine Learning Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Domain-specific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Feature Distribution Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Model Behavior Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Prediction Distribution Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Model Confidence Tracking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Bias and Fairness Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Infrastructure Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Resource Usage Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. CPU and Memory Usage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. GPU Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Storage Usage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Latency and Throughput Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Error Rate Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Logging and Observability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Prediction Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Input Data Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Model Version Tracking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Audit Trail Management

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fundamentals of ML Pipelines

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Designing and Building ML Pipelines