Land Use Planning

4.

Contemporary Issues and Specialized Topics

4.1.

Sustainable Development and Green Planning

4.1.1.

Low-Impact Development (LID)

4.1.1.1.

Stormwater Management Techniques

4.1.1.1.1.

Bioretention Systems

4.1.1.1.2.

Permeable Pavement

4.1.1.1.3.

4.1.1.2.

Green Roofs and Permeable Surfaces

4.1.1.2.1.

Extensive Green Roofs

4.1.1.2.2.

Intensive Green Roofs

4.1.1.2.3.

Permeable Paving Materials

4.1.2.

Green Infrastructure Planning

4.1.2.1.

4.1.2.1.1.

Tree Canopy Goals

4.1.2.1.2.

Urban Forest Management

4.1.2.1.3.

Tree Planting Programs

4.1.2.2.

Greenways and Corridors

4.1.2.2.1.

Ecological Corridors

4.1.2.2.2.

Recreation Trails

4.1.2.2.3.

Multi-use Pathways

4.1.3.

Renewable Energy Siting

4.1.3.1.

Solar Energy Facilities

4.1.3.1.1.

Utility-Scale Solar

4.1.3.1.2.

Distributed Solar

4.1.3.1.3.

4.1.3.2.

Wind Energy Siting

4.1.3.2.1.

Wind Farm Development

4.1.3.2.2.

Setback Requirements

4.1.3.2.3.

Visual Impact Assessment

4.1.4.

Food Systems Planning

4.1.4.1.

Urban Agriculture

4.1.4.1.1.

Community Gardens

4.1.4.1.2.

4.1.4.1.3.

Vertical Farming

4.1.4.2.

Community Gardens

4.1.4.2.1.

Garden Site Selection

4.1.4.2.2.

Management Models

4.1.4.2.3.

Community Engagement

4.1.4.3.

Food Access and Security

4.1.4.3.1.

Food Desert Analysis

4.1.4.3.2.

Healthy Food Retail

4.1.4.3.3.

Food Distribution Systems

4.2.

Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation

4.2.1.

Climate Action Planning

4.2.1.1.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies

4.2.1.1.1.

Emissions Inventories

4.2.1.1.2.

Reduction Targets

4.2.1.1.3.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.1.2.

Climate Adaptation Policies

4.2.1.2.1.

Vulnerability Assessments

4.2.1.2.2.

Adaptation Strategies

4.2.1.2.3.

Resilience Planning

4.2.2.

Sea-Level Rise Adaptation

4.2.2.1.

Coastal Resilience Planning

4.2.2.1.1.

Shoreline Management

4.2.2.1.2.

Retreat Strategies

4.2.2.1.3.

Living Shorelines

4.2.2.2.

Shoreline Protection Measures

4.2.2.2.1.

4.2.2.2.2.

4.2.2.2.3.

Nature-Based Solutions

4.2.3.

Floodplain Management

4.2.3.1.

Flood Hazard Mapping

4.2.3.1.1.

FEMA Flood Maps

4.2.3.1.2.

Local Flood Studies

4.2.3.1.3.

4.2.3.2.

Floodplain Development Standards

4.2.3.2.1.

Base Flood Elevation

4.2.3.2.2.

Floodway Restrictions

4.2.3.2.3.

Substantial Improvement Rules

4.2.4.

Wildfire Risk Reduction

4.2.4.1.

Wildland-Urban Interface Planning

4.2.4.1.1.

4.2.4.1.2.

Development Standards

4.2.4.1.3.

Evacuation Planning

4.2.4.2.

Fire-Resistant Landscaping

4.2.4.2.1.

Defensible Space

4.2.4.2.2.

Plant Selection

4.2.4.2.3.

Maintenance Requirements

4.2.5.

Natural Hazard Mitigation Planning

4.2.5.1.

Hazard Identification and Mapping

4.2.5.1.1.

Multi-Hazard Assessment

4.2.5.1.2.

4.2.5.1.3.

Vulnerability Mapping

4.2.5.2.

Mitigation Strategies

4.2.5.2.1.

Structural Mitigation

4.2.5.2.2.

Non-Structural Mitigation

4.2.5.2.3.

Nature-Based Solutions

4.3.

Transportation and Land Use Integration

4.3.1.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

4.3.1.1.

Mixed-Use Development Near Transit

4.3.1.1.1.

4.3.1.1.2.

Development Standards

4.3.1.1.3.

Parking Reductions

4.3.1.2.

Density and Design Standards

4.3.1.2.1.

Minimum Densities

4.3.1.2.2.

Building Heights

4.3.1.2.3.

Pedestrian Orientation

4.3.2.

Complete Streets Policies

4.3.2.1.

Multimodal Street Design

4.3.2.1.1.

Street Design Standards

4.3.2.1.2.

Mode Prioritization

4.3.2.1.3.

Context Sensitivity

4.3.2.2.

Accessibility Standards

4.3.2.2.1.

4.3.2.2.2.

Universal Design

4.3.2.2.3.

Age-Friendly Design

4.3.3.

Parking Management Strategies

4.3.3.1.

Parking Minimums and Maximums

4.3.3.1.1.

Parking Requirements

4.3.3.1.2.

4.3.3.1.3.

Parking Reductions

4.3.3.2.

Shared Parking Approaches

4.3.3.2.1.

Joint Use Agreements

4.3.3.2.2.

Parking Districts

4.3.3.2.3.

4.3.4.

Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning

4.3.4.1.

Sidewalk and Trail Networks

4.3.4.1.1.

Sidewalk Connectivity

4.3.4.1.2.

4.3.4.1.3.

Maintenance Standards

4.3.4.2.

Bicycle Infrastructure

4.3.4.2.1.

Bike Lane Types

4.3.4.2.2.

Bicycle Parking

4.3.4.2.3.

Bike Share Programs

4.4.

Housing Affordability and Equity

4.4.1.

Inclusionary Zoning

4.4.1.1.

Affordable Housing Set-Asides

4.4.1.1.1.

Percentage Requirements

4.4.1.1.2.

Income Targeting

4.4.1.1.3.

Long-term Affordability

4.4.1.2.

Incentives for Developers

4.4.1.2.1.

Density Bonuses

4.4.1.2.2.

4.4.1.2.3.

Fast-Track Processing

4.4.2.

Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

4.4.2.1.

Regulatory Frameworks

4.4.2.1.1.

Zoning Allowances

4.4.2.1.2.

Design Standards

4.4.2.1.3.

Parking Requirements

4.4.2.2.

Design and Siting Standards

4.4.2.2.1.

Size Limitations

4.4.2.2.2.

Setback Requirements

4.4.2.2.3.

Architectural Compatibility

4.4.3.

Fair Housing Planning

4.4.3.1.

Anti-Discrimination Policies

4.4.3.1.1.

Protected Classes

4.4.3.1.2.

Enforcement Mechanisms

4.4.3.1.3.

Education and Outreach

4.4.3.2.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing

4.4.3.2.1.

Fair Housing Assessment

4.4.3.2.2.

Impediment Analysis

4.4.3.2.3.

Action Planning

4.4.4.

Addressing Gentrification and Displacement

4.4.4.1.

Anti-Displacement Strategies

4.4.4.1.1.

Tenant Protection

4.4.4.1.2.

Affordable Housing Preservation

4.4.4.1.3.

Community Stabilization

4.4.4.2.

Community Land Trusts

4.4.4.2.1.

4.4.4.2.2.

Land Acquisition

4.4.4.2.3.

Affordability Preservation

4.5.

Economic Development Planning

4.5.1.

Business Attraction and Retention

4.5.1.1.

Incentive Programs

4.5.1.1.1.

4.5.1.1.2.

Development Incentives

4.5.1.1.3.

Workforce Training

4.5.1.2.

Workforce Development

4.5.1.2.1.

Skills Training

4.5.1.2.2.

Education Partnerships

4.5.1.2.3.

4.5.2.

Downtown Revitalization and Main Street Programs

4.5.2.1.

Façade Improvement Grants

4.5.2.1.1.

4.5.2.1.2.

Design Standards

4.5.2.1.3.

Historic Preservation

4.5.2.2.

Public Realm Enhancements

4.5.2.2.1.

Streetscape Improvements

4.5.2.2.2.

4.5.2.2.3.

Wayfinding Systems

4.5.3.

Brownfield Redevelopment

4.5.3.1.

Site Assessment and Remediation

4.5.3.1.1.

Environmental Assessment

4.5.3.1.2.

Cleanup Standards

4.5.3.1.3.

Remediation Technologies

4.5.3.2.

Redevelopment Incentives

4.5.3.2.1.

4.5.3.2.2.

Liability Protection

4.5.3.2.3.

Financing Assistance

4.6.

Urban Design and Placemaking

4.6.1.

Principles of Urban Design

4.6.1.1.

Human-Scale Design

4.6.1.1.1.

4.6.1.1.2.

Street Proportions

4.6.1.1.3.

Pedestrian Comfort

4.6.1.2.

Connectivity and Walkability

4.6.1.2.1.

Street Networks

4.6.1.2.2.

4.6.1.2.3.

Pedestrian Infrastructure

4.6.2.

Public Space Design and Management

4.6.2.1.

Parks and Plazas

4.6.2.1.1.

Design Principles

4.6.2.1.2.

Programming Activities

4.6.2.1.3.

Maintenance and Management

4.6.2.2.

Streetscape Improvements

4.6.2.2.1.

Street Furniture

4.6.2.2.2.

Lighting Design

4.6.2.2.3.

Landscape Elements

4.6.3.

Creating Sense of Place

4.6.3.1.

Cultural and Artistic Elements

4.6.3.1.1.

Public Art Programs

4.6.3.1.2.

Cultural Districts

4.6.3.1.3.

Historic Interpretation

4.6.3.2.

Community Identity

4.6.3.2.1.

Branding and Wayfinding

4.6.3.2.2.

Signature Elements

4.6.3.2.3.

Local Character

4.7.

Rural and Agricultural Land Preservation

4.7.1.

Farmland Protection Programs

4.7.1.1.

Purchase of Development Rights (PDR)

4.7.1.1.1.

4.7.1.1.2.

Valuation Methods

4.7.1.1.3.

Funding Sources

4.7.1.2.

Agricultural Conservation Easements

4.7.1.2.1.

4.7.1.2.2.

Monitoring and Enforcement

4.7.1.2.3.

4.7.2.

Cluster Development

4.7.2.1.

Conservation Subdivisions

4.7.2.1.1.

Design Principles

4.7.2.1.2.

Open Space Requirements

4.7.2.1.3.

Density Calculations

4.7.2.2.

Open Space Preservation

4.7.2.2.1.

Conservation Areas

4.7.2.2.2.

Recreation Access

4.7.2.2.3.

Management Plans

4.7.3.

Right-to-Farm Laws

4.7.3.1.

Protection from Nuisance Claims

4.7.3.1.1.

Agricultural Operations

4.7.3.1.2.

Nuisance Exemptions

4.7.3.1.3.

Conflict Resolution

4.7.3.2.

Agricultural Zoning

4.7.3.2.1.

Exclusive Agricultural Zones

4.7.3.2.2.

Agricultural Buffers

4.7.3.2.3.

Farm Building Regulations

4.8.

Regional and Inter-jurisdictional Planning

4.8.1.

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

4.8.1.1.

Regional Transportation Planning

4.8.1.1.1.

Long-Range Transportation Plans

4.8.1.1.2.

Transportation Improvement Programs

4.8.1.1.3.

Performance-Based Planning

4.8.1.2.

Funding Allocation

4.8.1.2.1.

Federal Transportation Funding

4.8.1.2.2.

Project Prioritization

4.8.1.2.3.

Performance Measures

4.8.2.

Councils of Government (COGs)

4.8.2.1.

Regional Policy Coordination

4.8.2.1.1.

Inter-jurisdictional Cooperation

4.8.2.1.2.

Regional Planning

4.8.2.1.3.

Policy Development

4.8.2.2.

Shared Services and Resources

4.8.2.2.1.

Service Delivery

4.8.2.2.2.

Resource Sharing

4.8.2.2.3.

Cost Efficiencies

4.8.3.

Watershed-based Planning

4.8.3.1.

Integrated Water Resource Management

4.8.3.1.1.

Watershed Planning

4.8.3.1.2.

Water Quality Protection

4.8.3.1.3.

Flood Management

4.8.3.2.

Cross-jurisdictional Collaboration

4.8.3.2.1.

Watershed Partnerships

4.8.3.2.2.

Coordinated Management

4.8.3.2.3.

Funding Mechanisms

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