Kubernetes Orchestration

Kubernetes orchestration is the process of automating the deployment, management, scaling, and networking of containerized applications using the Kubernetes platform. It treats a cluster of physical or virtual machines as a single, unified computing resource, intelligently scheduling containers onto nodes based on available capacity and defined constraints. Core to this process are features like self-healing, where Kubernetes automatically restarts or replaces failed containers; automated rollouts and rollbacks for seamless application updates; and service discovery and load balancing to expose applications to the outside world and distribute traffic efficiently. By abstracting away the underlying infrastructure, Kubernetes orchestration enables developers to manage complex, distributed systems with high availability and resilience at scale.

1. Introduction to Container Orchestration
   1. Fundamentals of Containerization
      1. Container Technology Overview
         1. Definition and Core Characteristics
         2. Container Runtime Environment
         3. Process Isolation Mechanisms
         4. Filesystem Isolation
         5. Network Isolation
      2. Containers vs Virtual Machines
         1. Architecture Differences
         2. Resource Overhead Comparison
         3. Performance Characteristics
         4. Security Isolation Models
         5. Use Case Scenarios
         6. Migration Considerations
      3. Container Runtimes
         1. Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
         2. Docker Engine
            1. Docker Architecture Components
            2. Docker Daemon and Client
            3. Image Management System
            4. Container Lifecycle Management
         3. containerd
            1. High-Level Runtime Features
            2. Kubernetes Integration Points
            3. Image Distribution
            4. Snapshot Management
         4. CRI-O
            1. Kubernetes-Native Runtime
            2. Security-Focused Design
            3. OCI Compliance
            4. Image Handling
      4. Container Images
         1. Image Architecture and Layers
         2. Dockerfile and Build Process
         3. Image Registries and Distribution
         4. Image Tagging Strategies
         5. Image Versioning Best Practices
         6. Image Security Scanning
   2. Container Orchestration Fundamentals
      1. Challenges of Container Management at Scale
         1. Deployment Complexity
         2. Service Discovery and Communication
         3. Resource Allocation and Scheduling
         4. Load Distribution
         5. Health Monitoring and Recovery
         6. Configuration Management
         7. Security and Compliance
         8. Logging and Monitoring
      2. Core Orchestration Functions
         1. Container Scheduling
            1. Resource-Based Placement
            2. Constraint-Based Scheduling
            3. Affinity and Anti-Affinity Rules
         2. Service Discovery and Networking
            1. Internal Service Communication
            2. External Service Exposure
            3. Load Balancing Mechanisms
         3. Scaling and Resource Management
            1. Horizontal Scaling
            2. Vertical Scaling
            3. Auto-Scaling Policies
         4. Health Management
            1. Health Check Mechanisms
            2. Self-Healing Capabilities
            3. Failure Recovery Strategies
      3. Orchestration Platforms Overview
         1. Kubernetes
         2. Docker Swarm
         3. Apache Mesos
         4. Nomad
   3. Introduction to Kubernetes
      1. History and Evolution
         1. Google Borg Legacy
         2. Project Omega Influence
         3. Open Source Development
         4. CNCF Governance
         5. Version History and Releases
      2. Kubernetes Design Philosophy
         1. Declarative Configuration Model
         2. Desired State Management
         3. Controller Pattern
         4. Extensibility and Modularity
         5. API-Driven Architecture
      3. Declarative vs Imperative Management
         1. Declarative Approach Benefits
         2. YAML Manifest Files
         3. Imperative Commands
         4. kubectl Command Patterns
         5. When to Use Each Approach