JavaScript is a high-level, multi-paradigm programming language that is a core technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Originally created to make web pages interactive, it runs client-side in the user's browser to control document content, handle events, and communicate asynchronously. Standardized as ECMAScript, JavaScript supports object-oriented, functional, and imperative programming styles. With the advent of environments like Node.js, its use has expanded dramatically beyond the browser, enabling developers to build server-side applications, mobile apps, and desktop software, making it one of the most versatile and widely-used languages in modern software development.