Industrial Hygiene

3.

Hazard Recognition and Classification

3.1.

Chemical Hazards

3.1.1.

Physical States of Chemical Agents

3.1.1.1.

3.1.1.1.1.

Properties and Characteristics

3.1.1.1.2.

Common Examples

3.1.1.1.3.

3.1.1.2.

3.1.1.2.1.

Volatility and Vapor Pressure

3.1.1.2.2.

Sources and Generation

3.1.1.2.3.

Exposure Pathways

3.1.1.3.

3.1.1.3.1.

Generation Mechanisms

3.1.1.3.2.

Particle Size Classifications

3.1.1.3.3.

Respirable vs. Inhalable Dust

3.1.1.3.4.

Health Effects by Particle Size

3.1.1.4.

3.1.1.4.1.

Formation Processes

3.1.1.4.2.

3.1.1.4.3.

3.1.1.5.

3.1.1.5.1.

Aerosol Formation Mechanisms

3.1.1.5.2.

3.1.1.5.3.

3.1.1.6.

3.1.1.6.1.

3.1.1.6.2.

Synthetic Fibers

3.1.1.6.3.

Fiber Dimensions and Health Risks

3.1.2.

Chemical Classifications by Health Effects

3.1.2.1.

3.1.2.1.1.

Primary Irritants

3.1.2.1.2.

Secondary Irritants

3.1.2.1.3.

Mechanisms of Irritation

3.1.2.1.4.

Common Examples

3.1.2.2.

3.1.2.2.1.

Simple Asphyxiants

3.1.2.2.2.

Chemical Asphyxiants

3.1.2.2.3.

Mechanisms of Action

3.1.2.3.

3.1.2.3.1.

Respiratory Sensitizers

3.1.2.3.2.

Skin Sensitizers

3.1.2.3.3.

Sensitization Process

3.1.2.3.4.

Cross-Sensitization

3.1.2.4.

3.1.2.4.1.

Classification Systems

3.1.2.4.2.

Mechanisms of Carcinogenicity

3.1.2.4.3.

Occupational Carcinogens

3.1.2.5.

3.1.2.5.1.

Genetic Damage Mechanisms

3.1.2.5.2.

Testing Methods

3.1.2.5.3.

Relationship to Carcinogenicity

3.1.2.6.

3.1.2.6.1.

Developmental Effects

3.1.2.6.2.

Critical Exposure Periods

3.1.2.6.3.

Reproductive Hazards

3.1.2.7.

3.1.2.7.1.

Central Nervous System Effects

3.1.2.7.2.

Peripheral Nervous System Effects

3.1.2.7.3.

Common Neurotoxic Agents

3.2.

Physical Hazards

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

Sources of Occupational Noise

3.2.1.2.

Types of Noise Exposure

3.2.1.2.1.

Continuous Noise

3.2.1.2.2.

Intermittent Noise

3.2.1.2.3.

3.2.1.3.

Health Effects of Noise

3.2.1.3.1.

3.2.1.3.2.

Non-Auditory Effects

3.2.2.

3.2.2.1.

Whole-Body Vibration

3.2.2.1.1.

Sources and Characteristics

3.2.2.1.2.

3.2.2.1.3.

Measurement Parameters

3.2.2.2.

Hand-Arm Vibration

3.2.2.2.1.

Sources and Tools

3.2.2.2.2.

Vibration-Induced Disorders

3.2.2.2.3.

Assessment Methods

3.2.3.

3.2.3.1.

Ionizing Radiation

3.2.3.1.1.

Types of Ionizing Radiation

3.2.3.1.1.1.

Alpha Particles

3.2.3.1.1.2.

3.2.3.1.1.3.

3.2.3.1.1.4.

3.2.3.1.1.5.

3.2.3.1.2.

Sources in the Workplace

3.2.3.1.3.

3.2.3.1.4.

Radiation Units and Measurements

3.2.3.2.

Non-Ionizing Radiation

3.2.3.2.1.

Ultraviolet Radiation

3.2.3.2.1.1.

UV-A, UV-B, UV-C

3.2.3.2.1.2.

Sources and Health Effects

3.2.3.2.2.

Infrared Radiation

3.2.3.2.2.1.

Sources and Health Effects

3.2.3.2.3.

Radiofrequency and Microwaves

3.2.3.2.3.1.

Sources and Applications

3.2.3.2.3.2.

3.2.3.2.4.

3.2.3.2.4.1.

Laser Classifications

3.2.3.2.4.2.

Hazards and Safety Measures

3.2.3.2.5.

Extremely Low Frequency Fields

3.2.4.

3.2.4.1.

3.2.4.1.1.

Environmental Factors

3.2.4.1.2.

Physiological Responses

3.2.4.1.3.

Heat-Related Illnesses

3.2.4.1.4.

3.2.4.2.

3.2.4.2.1.

Environmental Factors

3.2.4.2.2.

Physiological Responses

3.2.4.2.3.

Cold-Related Illnesses

3.2.4.2.4.

3.2.5.

Pressure Extremes

3.2.5.1.

Hyperbaric Conditions

3.2.5.1.1.

Sources and Applications

3.2.5.1.2.

3.2.5.1.3.

Decompression Sickness

3.2.5.2.

Hypobaric Conditions

3.2.5.2.1.

High Altitude Work

3.2.5.2.2.

3.3.

Biological Hazards

3.3.1.

3.3.1.1.

Pathogenic Bacteria in the Workplace

3.3.1.2.

Transmission Routes

3.3.1.3.

Disease Prevention

3.3.2.

3.3.2.1.

Occupationally Relevant Viruses

3.3.2.2.

Bloodborne Pathogens

3.3.2.3.

Transmission and Prevention

3.3.3.

Fungi and Molds

3.3.3.1.

Common Occupational Fungi

3.3.3.2.

Indoor Air Quality Issues

3.3.3.3.

3.3.3.4.

Control Measures

3.3.4.

3.3.4.1.

Types of Occupational Parasites

3.3.4.2.

Transmission Routes

3.3.4.3.

Prevention and Control

3.3.5.

Allergens of Biological Origin

3.3.5.1.

Sources and Examples

3.3.5.2.

Sensitization Mechanisms

3.3.5.3.

3.4.

Ergonomic and Biomechanical Hazards

3.4.1.

3.4.1.1.

Repetitive Motion

3.4.1.2.

Awkward Postures

3.4.1.3.

Forceful Exertions

3.4.1.4.

3.4.1.5.

3.4.1.6.

3.4.2.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

3.4.2.1.

Types and Symptoms

3.4.2.2.

Risk Assessment

3.4.2.3.

Prevention Strategies

3.4.3.

Manual Material Handling

3.4.3.1.

Lifting Hazards

3.4.3.2.

Carrying and Pushing

3.4.3.3.

Risk Assessment Tools

3.5.

Psychosocial Hazards

3.5.1.

Workplace Stress

3.5.1.1.

Sources and Types

3.5.1.2.

Health Consequences

3.5.1.3.

Stress Assessment

3.5.1.4.

Management Strategies

3.5.2.

Workplace Violence

3.5.2.1.

Types and Risk Factors

3.5.2.2.

Prevention Programs

3.5.2.3.

Response Procedures

3.5.3.

Shift Work and Fatigue

3.5.3.1.

3.5.3.2.

Circadian Rhythm Disruption

3.5.3.3.

Mitigation Strategies

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2. Fundamental Principles of Industrial Hygiene

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4. Hazard Evaluation and Exposure Assessment