HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) System Design

1. Load Calculations
   1. Fundamentals of Load Calculations
      1. Purpose and Applications
         1. Equipment Sizing Requirements
         2. Energy Modeling Applications
         3. System Selection Criteria
         4. Economic Optimization
      2. Load Calculation Principles
         1. Peak Load vs. Annual Energy
         2. Safety Factors and Margins
         3. Load Diversity and Coincidence
         4. Design Conditions Selection
   2. Heating Load Calculations
      1. Heat Loss Mechanisms
         1. Transmission Losses
            1. Wall Heat Loss
            2. Roof Heat Loss
            3. Window and Door Losses
            4. Floor Heat Loss
            5. Below-Grade Heat Loss
         2. Air Infiltration Losses
            1. Natural Infiltration
            2. Mechanical Ventilation Loads
            3. Air Change Methods
         3. Internal Heat Gains (Heating Season)
      2. Calculation Methodologies
         1. Manual J for Residential
         2. ASHRAE Handbook Methods
         3. Degree-Day Methods
         4. Computer-Aided Tools
      3. Special Considerations
         1. Intermittent Heating
         2. Thermal Mass Effects
         3. Solar Gains in Winter
   3. Cooling Load Calculations
      1. Heat Gain Components
         1. External Heat Gains
            1. Solar Gain through Fenestration
            2. Conduction through Walls
            3. Conduction through Roofs
            4. Ground Heat Transfer
         2. Internal Heat Gains
            1. Occupant Heat Gain
               1. Sensible Heat from People
               2. Latent Heat from People
            2. Lighting Heat Gain
            3. Equipment and Appliance Loads
            4. Motor Heat Gains
         3. Ventilation and Infiltration Loads
            1. Outdoor Air Requirements
            2. Infiltration Heat Gains
         4. Latent vs. Sensible Load Components
      2. Calculation Methods
         1. Radiant Time Series (RTS) Method
         2. Heat Balance Method
         3. Transfer Function Method
         4. Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD)
         5. Solar Cooling Load Factors
      3. Load Profiles and Diversity
         1. Hourly Load Calculations
         2. Peak Load Determination
         3. Load Diversity Factors
         4. Simultaneous vs. Non-Simultaneous Loads
   4. Design Conditions and Data
      1. Climate Data Sources
         1. Weather Data Files
         2. Design Day Selection
            1. Heating Design Temperatures
            2. Cooling Design Temperatures
            3. Humidity Design Conditions
         3. Solar Radiation Data
         4. Wind Speed and Direction
      2. Building Envelope Properties
         1. Thermal Properties
            1. U-values and R-values
            2. Thermal Mass Characteristics
            3. Air Leakage Rates
         2. Fenestration Properties
            1. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
            2. Visible Light Transmittance
            3. U-value for Windows
         3. Building Orientation Effects
      3. Occupancy and Internal Loads
         1. Occupancy Schedules and Density
         2. Lighting Power Density
         3. Equipment Power Density
         4. Process Load Requirements
         5. Diversity and Usage Patterns