Git Version Control System

Git is a distributed version control system that is a fundamental tool in modern software development for tracking changes in source code and other files. It allows individual developers or large teams to record a project's history through a series of snapshots called "commits," enabling them to revert to previous versions, compare changes, and understand the evolution of the codebase. Its distributed nature means that every developer has a complete copy of the project's history on their local machine, facilitating offline work and robust collaboration. Core features like branching and merging allow developers to work on new features or bug fixes in isolated lines of development and then seamlessly integrate their changes back into the main project, making Git an essential technology for managing projects of any scale.

1. Introduction to Version Control
   1. Definition of Version Control
   2. Purpose of Version Control Systems
      1. Tracking Changes Over Time
      2. Managing Multiple Contributors
      3. Maintaining Project History
   3. Benefits of Version Control
      1. Collaboration
         1. Concurrent Development
         2. Conflict Resolution
         3. Team Coordination
      2. History and Audit Trails
         1. Change Documentation
         2. Accountability
         3. Rollback Capabilities
      3. Backup and Recovery
         1. Distributed Copies
         2. Data Redundancy
         3. Disaster Recovery
      4. Experimentation and Branching
         1. Safe Feature Development
         2. Parallel Development Streams
         3. Risk-Free Testing
      5. Code Quality and Review
         1. Peer Review Processes
         2. Quality Gates
         3. Continuous Integration
   4. Types of Version Control Systems
      1. Local Version Control Systems
         1. File-Based Systems
         2. Database-Based Systems
         3. Limitations and Drawbacks
      2. Centralized Version Control Systems
         1. Architecture and Workflow
            1. Single Central Server
            2. Client-Server Model
            3. Network Dependencies
         2. Advantages and Disadvantages
            1. Simplified Administration
            2. Single Point of Failure
            3. Network Requirements
         3. Common Examples
            1. Subversion
            2. Perforce
            3. Team Foundation Server
      3. Distributed Version Control Systems
         1. Architecture and Workflow
            1. Peer-to-Peer Model
            2. Local Repository Copies
            3. Offline Capabilities
         2. Advantages and Disadvantages
            1. Redundancy and Reliability
            2. Complex Workflows
            3. Learning Curve
         3. Common Examples
            1. Git
            2. Mercurial
            3. Bazaar