Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials such as soil, rock, and groundwater. It involves applying the principles of soil and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions, analyze the stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits, and design the foundations for structures like buildings, bridges, and dams. This critical field ensures that the ground can safely support the loads imposed by the built environment, mitigating risks such as settlement, landslides, and foundation failure.

1. Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
   1. Definition and Scope of Geotechnical Engineering
   2. Historical Development of Geotechnical Engineering
      1. Early Foundations and Pioneers
      2. Evolution of Soil Mechanics
      3. Modern Advances and Milestones
   3. Role in Civil Engineering Projects
      1. Infrastructure Development
      2. Building Foundations
      3. Earthworks and Embankments
      4. Environmental and Hazard Mitigation
   4. Relationship with Engineering Geology
      1. Distinctions between Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
      2. Integration of Geological and Geotechnical Data
      3. Importance of Geological Mapping