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Mathematics
Functional Analysis
1. Preliminaries and Foundational Concepts
2. Normed Vector Spaces
3. Banach Spaces
4. Hilbert Spaces
5. Linear Operators on Normed Spaces
6. Fundamental Theorems of Functional Analysis
7. Duality Theory
8. Spectral Theory
9. Advanced Topics
Normed Vector Spaces
Definition and Basic Properties
Definition of a Norm
Norm Axioms
Examples of Norms
Euclidean Norm
Maximum Norm
p-Norms
The Metric Induced by a Norm
Norm Topology
Examples of Normed Spaces
Finite Dimensional Spaces
ℝⁿ with Various Norms
ℂⁿ with Various Norms
Sequence Spaces
ℓₚ Spaces for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞
Properties of ℓₚ Spaces
c₀ Space
c Space
Function Spaces
C[a,b] with Supremum Norm
C(K) for Compact K
Lₚ Spaces
Definition via Lebesgue Integration
Properties of Lₚ Spaces
Hölder's Inequality
Minkowski's Inequality
Subspaces and Quotients
Subspaces of Normed Spaces
Closed Subspaces
Quotient Spaces
Construction of Quotient Norm
Properties of Quotient Spaces
Product and Direct Sum Spaces
Product Norms
Direct Sum of Normed Spaces
Convergence and Topology
Norm Convergence
Cauchy Sequences
Open and Closed Sets
Interior, Closure, and Boundary
Dense Subsets
Continuity and Boundedness
Continuous Functions
Uniform Continuity
Bounded Sets
Totally Bounded Sets
Equivalence of Norms
Definition of Equivalent Norms
Criteria for Norm Equivalence
Equivalence Classes of Norms
Finite Dimensional Normed Spaces
Equivalence of All Norms
Compactness Properties
Riesz's Lemma
Local Compactness
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3. Banach Spaces