Fiscal Policy

  1. The Tools of Fiscal Policy
    1. Government Spending
      1. Types of Government Spending
        1. Purchases of Goods and Services
          1. Defense Spending
            1. Education Spending
              1. Healthcare Spending
                1. Public Sector Wages
                  1. Administrative Costs
                  2. Transfer Payments
                    1. Social Security
                      1. Unemployment Benefits
                        1. Welfare Payments
                          1. Subsidies
                            1. Grants to State and Local Governments
                            2. Capital Expenditures
                              1. Infrastructure Projects
                                1. Research and Development
                                  1. Public Transportation
                                    1. Technology Investments
                                  2. Economic Impact of Government Spending
                                    1. Direct Effects
                                      1. Indirect Effects
                                        1. Multiplier Effects
                                          1. Sectoral Impacts
                                            1. Short-Run vs. Long-Run Effects
                                              1. Regional Distribution Effects
                                            2. Taxation
                                              1. Major Types of Taxes
                                                1. Personal Income Taxes
                                                  1. Federal Income Tax
                                                    1. State Income Tax
                                                      1. Payroll Taxes
                                                      2. Corporate Income Taxes
                                                        1. Corporate Tax Rates
                                                          1. Tax Credits and Deductions
                                                          2. Consumption Taxes
                                                            1. Sales Tax
                                                              1. Value-Added Tax
                                                                1. Excise Taxes
                                                                  1. Sin Taxes
                                                                  2. Property Taxes
                                                                    1. Real Estate Taxes
                                                                      1. Personal Property Taxes
                                                                      2. Tariffs and Duties
                                                                        1. Import Tariffs
                                                                          1. Export Duties
                                                                        2. Tax Structures
                                                                          1. Progressive Taxation
                                                                            1. Marginal Tax Rates
                                                                              1. Tax Brackets
                                                                              2. Proportional Taxation
                                                                                1. Flat Tax Systems
                                                                                2. Regressive Taxation
                                                                                  1. Sales Tax Effects
                                                                                    1. Payroll Tax Caps
                                                                                  2. Economic Impact of Taxation
                                                                                    1. Incentives and Disincentives
                                                                                      1. Effects on Consumption and Investment
                                                                                        1. Distributional Effects
                                                                                          1. Deadweight Loss
                                                                                            1. Tax Incidence
                                                                                              1. Behavioral Responses

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                                                                                          1. Introduction to Fiscal Policy

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                                                                                          3. Stances of Fiscal Policy