Environmental Statistics

  1. Environmental Data Collection and Study Design
    1. Sources and Types of Environmental Data
      1. Observational Data
        1. Field Surveys
          1. Citizen Science Data
          2. Experimental Data
            1. Laboratory Experiments
              1. Field Experiments
              2. Monitoring Data
                1. Continuous Monitoring
                  1. Periodic Sampling
                  2. Remote Sensing Data
                    1. Satellite Imagery
                      1. Aerial Photography
                        1. Sensor Networks
                      2. Principles of Environmental Sampling
                        1. Target Population versus Sampled Population
                          1. Defining the Population
                            1. Sampling Frames
                            2. Representativeness and Bias
                              1. Sources of Bias
                                1. Strategies to Minimize Bias
                              2. Probability-Based Sampling Designs
                                1. Simple Random Sampling
                                  1. Implementation
                                    1. Advantages and Limitations
                                    2. Stratified Sampling
                                      1. Defining Strata
                                        1. Allocation Methods
                                          1. Proportional Allocation
                                            1. Optimal Allocation
                                          2. Systematic Sampling
                                            1. Grid-based Sampling
                                              1. Interval Selection
                                              2. Cluster Sampling
                                                1. Defining Clusters
                                                  1. Two-stage Sampling
                                                2. Specialized Sampling Designs
                                                  1. Adaptive Sampling
                                                    1. Applications in Rare Event Detection
                                                    2. Ranked Set Sampling
                                                      1. Efficiency Gains
                                                      2. Composite Sampling
                                                        1. Pooling Samples
                                                          1. Cost Considerations
                                                        2. Design of Environmental Monitoring Programs
                                                          1. Objectives and Network Design
                                                            1. Defining Monitoring Goals
                                                              1. Site Selection
                                                                1. Frequency of Sampling
                                                                2. Air Quality Monitoring
                                                                  1. Key Pollutants
                                                                    1. Instrumentation
                                                                      1. Quality Assurance
                                                                      2. Water Quality Monitoring
                                                                        1. Physical Parameters
                                                                          1. Chemical Parameters
                                                                            1. Biological Parameters
                                                                              1. Sampling Protocols
                                                                              2. Soil Contamination Monitoring
                                                                                1. Contaminant Types
                                                                                  1. Sampling Depth
                                                                                    1. Sampling Frequency
                                                                                  2. Design of Environmental Impact Studies
                                                                                    1. Before-After-Control-Impact Design
                                                                                      1. Structure
                                                                                        1. Analysis Methods
                                                                                        2. Observational Studies versus Controlled Experiments
                                                                                          1. Strengths and Limitations

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                                                                                      2. Foundational Statistical Concepts

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                                                                                      4. Exploratory Data Analysis for Environmental Data