Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

  1. Monitoring of Environmental Media
    1. Air Quality Monitoring
      1. Key Air Pollutants
        1. Criteria Air Pollutants
          1. Sulfur Oxides
            1. Nitrogen Oxides
              1. Ground-level Ozone
                1. Particulate Matter PM2.5
                  1. Particulate Matter PM10
                    1. Carbon Monoxide
                      1. Lead
                      2. Hazardous Air Pollutants
                        1. Volatile Organic Compounds
                          1. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
                            1. Heavy Metals in Air
                              1. Benzene
                                1. Formaldehyde
                                2. Greenhouse Gases
                                  1. Carbon Dioxide
                                    1. Methane
                                      1. Nitrous Oxide
                                        1. Fluorinated Gases
                                      2. Monitoring Techniques
                                        1. Ambient Air Monitoring
                                          1. Fixed Monitoring Stations
                                            1. Mobile Monitoring Units
                                              1. Portable Analyzers
                                              2. Source Emission Monitoring
                                                1. Stack Sampling
                                                  1. Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
                                                    1. Fugitive Emission Monitoring
                                                    2. Passive Sampling
                                                      1. Diffusion Tubes
                                                        1. Filter Badges
                                                          1. Passive Samplers for VOCs
                                                          2. Active Sampling
                                                            1. High-volume Samplers
                                                              1. Low-volume Samplers
                                                                1. Pump-based Collection Systems
                                                                2. Remote Sensing
                                                                  1. LIDAR Systems
                                                                    1. Satellite-based Sensors
                                                                      1. DOAS Systems
                                                                    2. Meteorological Measurements
                                                                      1. Wind Speed and Direction
                                                                        1. Temperature and Humidity
                                                                          1. Atmospheric Pressure
                                                                            1. Precipitation
                                                                              1. Solar Radiation
                                                                                1. Atmospheric Stability
                                                                              2. Water Quality Monitoring
                                                                                1. Surface Water Monitoring
                                                                                  1. Rivers and Streams
                                                                                    1. Lakes and Reservoirs
                                                                                      1. Wetlands
                                                                                        1. Coastal Waters
                                                                                          1. Marine Waters
                                                                                            1. Estuaries
                                                                                            2. Groundwater Monitoring
                                                                                              1. Monitoring Wells
                                                                                                1. Piezometers
                                                                                                  1. Aquifer Characterization
                                                                                                    1. Well Network Design
                                                                                                      1. Groundwater Flow Assessment
                                                                                                      2. Key Water Quality Parameters
                                                                                                        1. Physical Parameters
                                                                                                          1. Temperature
                                                                                                            1. Turbidity
                                                                                                              1. Conductivity
                                                                                                                1. Color
                                                                                                                  1. Odor
                                                                                                                    1. Total Suspended Solids
                                                                                                                    2. Chemical Parameters
                                                                                                                      1. pH
                                                                                                                        1. Dissolved Oxygen
                                                                                                                          1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
                                                                                                                            1. Chemical Oxygen Demand
                                                                                                                              1. Nutrients
                                                                                                                                1. Metals
                                                                                                                                  1. Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                    1. Salinity
                                                                                                                                    2. Biological Parameters
                                                                                                                                      1. Coliform Bacteria
                                                                                                                                        1. E. coli
                                                                                                                                          1. Algae
                                                                                                                                            1. Phytoplankton
                                                                                                                                              1. Macroinvertebrates
                                                                                                                                                1. Fish Communities
                                                                                                                                              2. Sampling Techniques
                                                                                                                                                1. Grab Samples
                                                                                                                                                  1. Composite Samples
                                                                                                                                                    1. In-situ Measurements
                                                                                                                                                      1. Automated Samplers
                                                                                                                                                        1. Flow-weighted Sampling
                                                                                                                                                          1. Depth-integrated Sampling
                                                                                                                                                        2. Soil and Sediment Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                          1. Soil Characterization
                                                                                                                                                            1. Physical Properties
                                                                                                                                                              1. Texture
                                                                                                                                                                1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Porosity
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bulk Density
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Permeability
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Chemical Properties
                                                                                                                                                                        1. pH
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Organic Matter Content
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cation Exchange Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Nutrient Content
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Electrical Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Contaminant Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Heavy Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pesticides and Herbicides
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Persistent Organic Pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Radioactive Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Sampling Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Soil Augers
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Soil Corers
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Split-spoon Samplers
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sediment Grabs
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sediment Corers
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Composite Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Incremental Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Biological and Ecological Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bioindicators and Biomarkers
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Selection Criteria for Bioindicators
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Biomarker Analysis Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bioaccumulation Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Bioavailability Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Biodiversity Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Species Richness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Species Abundance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Species Evenness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Composition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Functional Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Genetic Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Habitat Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Habitat Quality Indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Habitat Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fragmentation Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Population and Community Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Population Size Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Population Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Community Structure Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Trophic Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Long-term Ecological Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Ecotoxicology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Acute Toxicity Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Chronic Toxicity Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bioaccumulation Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Effects on Non-target Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Endocrine Disruption Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Noise and Radiation Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Noise Pollution Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sources of Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Transportation Noise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Industrial Noise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Construction Noise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Urban Noise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Noise Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Decibel Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Frequency Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Duration Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Exposure Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Noise Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Acoustic Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sound Propagation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Noise Contour Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Radiation Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sources of Environmental Radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Natural Background Radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Radon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cosmic Rays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Nuclear Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Medical Waste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Radiation Measurement Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dosimeters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Geiger Counters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Scintillation Counters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gamma Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Radiation Exposure Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. External Exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Internal Exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Dose Rate Measurements

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Design of Monitoring Programs

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4. Field Operations and Data Collection