Environmental Impact Assessment

  1. The EIA Process
    1. Overview of the EIA Process
      1. Process Flow and Stages
        1. Iterative Nature of EIA
          1. Integration Points with Project Development
            1. Quality Assurance Throughout the Process
            2. Stage 1: Screening
              1. Purpose of Screening
                1. Screening Criteria and Thresholds
                  1. Project Size and Scale
                    1. Environmental Sensitivity
                      1. Potential Impact Magnitude
                      2. Project Inclusion and Exclusion Lists
                        1. Mandatory EIA Projects
                          1. Exempt Projects
                            1. Discretionary Projects
                            2. Case-by-Case Examination
                              1. Screening Criteria Application
                                1. Professional Judgment
                                  1. Preliminary Impact Assessment
                                  2. Screening Outcomes
                                    1. EIA Required
                                      1. EIA Not Required
                                        1. Further Assessment Needed
                                          1. Simplified Assessment Required
                                          2. Documentation of Screening Decisions
                                            1. Screening Reports
                                              1. Justification of Decisions
                                                1. Public Notification
                                              2. Stage 2: Scoping
                                                1. Purpose of Scoping
                                                  1. Identification of Key Issues and Impacts
                                                    1. Impact Identification Techniques
                                                      1. Prioritization of Issues
                                                        1. Exclusion of Irrelevant Issues
                                                        2. Delineation of Study Boundaries
                                                          1. Spatial Boundaries
                                                            1. Project Area
                                                              1. Area of Influence
                                                                1. Regional Context
                                                                2. Temporal Boundaries
                                                                  1. Construction Phase
                                                                    1. Operation Phase
                                                                      1. Decommissioning Phase
                                                                        1. Long-term Effects
                                                                        2. Thematic Boundaries
                                                                          1. Environmental Components
                                                                            1. Impact Types
                                                                              1. Assessment Methods
                                                                            2. Consideration of Alternatives
                                                                              1. Alternative Sites
                                                                                1. Alternative Technologies
                                                                                  1. Alternative Project Designs
                                                                                    1. Alternative Scales
                                                                                      1. No-Action Alternative
                                                                                        1. Preferred Alternative Selection
                                                                                        2. Development of Terms of Reference
                                                                                          1. Content Requirements
                                                                                            1. Technical Specifications
                                                                                              1. Study Methodologies
                                                                                                1. Reporting Requirements
                                                                                                2. Stakeholder Consultation in Scoping
                                                                                                  1. Stakeholder Identification
                                                                                                    1. Consultation Methods
                                                                                                      1. Input Integration
                                                                                                      2. Scoping Report Preparation
                                                                                                        1. Report Structure
                                                                                                          1. Key Findings Documentation
                                                                                                            1. Approval Process
                                                                                                          2. Stage 3: Baseline Study and Data Collection
                                                                                                            1. Characterizing the Existing Environment
                                                                                                              1. Baseline Definition
                                                                                                                1. Temporal Considerations
                                                                                                                  1. Spatial Considerations
                                                                                                                  2. Data Collection Methods
                                                                                                                    1. Primary Data Collection
                                                                                                                      1. Field Surveys
                                                                                                                        1. Sampling Design
                                                                                                                          1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                            1. Data Recording
                                                                                                                            2. Field Measurement Techniques
                                                                                                                              1. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                1. Calibration
                                                                                                                                  1. Standardization
                                                                                                                                  2. Direct Observation
                                                                                                                                    1. Observation Protocols
                                                                                                                                      1. Recording Methods
                                                                                                                                        1. Verification Procedures
                                                                                                                                      2. Secondary Data Collection
                                                                                                                                        1. Literature Review
                                                                                                                                          1. Scientific Publications
                                                                                                                                            1. Technical Reports
                                                                                                                                              1. Historical Records
                                                                                                                                              2. Government and Academic Data
                                                                                                                                                1. Statistical Databases
                                                                                                                                                  1. Monitoring Records
                                                                                                                                                    1. Research Studies
                                                                                                                                                    2. Remote Sensing and Satellite Data
                                                                                                                                                      1. Image Analysis
                                                                                                                                                        1. Geographic Information Systems
                                                                                                                                                          1. Temporal Analysis
                                                                                                                                                      2. Data Quality Assurance
                                                                                                                                                        1. Data Validation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Control Procedures
                                                                                                                                                            1. Data Management Systems
                                                                                                                                                            2. Establishing Environmental Baselines
                                                                                                                                                              1. Physical Environment
                                                                                                                                                                1. Climate and Meteorology
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Temperature Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Precipitation Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wind Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Extreme Weather Events
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Air Quality
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ambient Air Quality
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Emission Sources
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Air Quality Standards
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Water Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Surface Water Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Groundwater Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hydrological Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Water Use and Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Geology and Soils
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Geological Formations
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Soil Types and Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Geotechnical Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mineral Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Noise and Vibration
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ambient Noise Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Noise Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sensitive Receptors
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Biological Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Flora and Fauna Inventories
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Species Lists
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Population Estimates
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Distribution Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Seasonal Variations
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Ecosystem Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ecological Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Food Webs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ecosystem Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Protected and Sensitive Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Designated Protected Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Critical Habitats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Migration Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Breeding Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Demographic Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Population Size and Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Age and Gender Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Education Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Health Status
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Land Use and Settlement Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Current Land Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Land Tenure Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Settlement Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Economic Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Employment Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Income Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Economic Sectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Market Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Cultural and Historical Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Archaeological Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Historical Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cultural Landscapes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Traditional Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Stage 4: Impact Analysis and Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identifying Potential Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Direct Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Primary Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Immediate Consequences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Indirect Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Secondary Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Induced Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Cumulative Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Additive Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Synergistic Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Time-Crowding Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Predicting Impact Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Positive Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Negative Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Neutral Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Magnitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Quantitative Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Qualitative Scales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Comparative Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Extent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Local Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Regional Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Global Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transboundary Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Duration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Temporary Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Short-term Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Long-term Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Permanent Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Continuous Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Intermittent Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Occasional Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Reversibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Reversible Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Irreversible Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Partially Reversible Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Likelihood
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Certain Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Probable Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Possible Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Unlikely Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Use of Predictive Models and Tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mathematical Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Computer Simulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Expert Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Analogies and Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Uncertainty in Impact Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sources of Uncertainty
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Uncertainty Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sensitivity Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Risk Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Stage 5: Impact Evaluation and Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Determining Impact Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Significance Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Significance Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Significance Thresholds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Evaluation Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Standards and Thresholds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Scientific Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. International Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Ecological Importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ecosystem Function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biodiversity Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rarity and Uniqueness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Social and Cultural Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Community Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Aesthetic Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Methods for Significance Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Expert Judgment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Professional Experience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Peer Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Expert Panels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Quantitative Scoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Scoring Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Weighting Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Aggregation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Public and Stakeholder Input
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Community Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Stakeholder Priorities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Participatory Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Documentation of Significance Findings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Significance Statements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Justification of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Uncertainty Documentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Stage 6: Mitigation and Impact Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. The Mitigation Hierarchy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Avoidance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Alternative Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Design Modifications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Spatial Avoidance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Minimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Impact Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Best Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Technology Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Rectification or Restoration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. On-site Restoration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat Recreation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ecosystem Rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Reduction or Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ongoing Mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Adaptive Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Continuous Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Compensation or Offsetting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Off-site Compensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Biodiversity Offsets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Payment for Ecosystem Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Development of Environmental Management Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mitigation Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Technical Specifications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Implementation Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Performance Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Monitoring Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Monitoring Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Monitoring Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Monitoring Locations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Roles and Responsibilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Organizational Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Accountability Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Reporting Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Contingency Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Emergency Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Adaptive Responses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Corrective Actions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Adaptive Management Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Learning by Doing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Continuous Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Stage 7: Preparation of the EIA Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. The Environmental Impact Statement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Report Purpose
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Target Audiences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Structure and Content of the EIA Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Executive Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Key Findings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Major Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mitigation Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Conclusions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Project Description
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Project Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Construction Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Operation Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Associated Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Baseline Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Setting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Socioeconomic Context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Data Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Impact Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Impact Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Impact Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Significance Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Mitigation Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mitigation Hierarchy Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Specific Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Implementation Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Alternatives Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Alternatives Considered
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Comparative Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Selection Rationale
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Public Participation Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Consultation Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Key Issues Raised
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Response to Comments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Monitoring and Management Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Management Plan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Monitoring Program
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Reporting Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Appendices and Supporting Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Technical Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Data Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Maps and Figures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. The Non-Technical Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Plain Language Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Key Messages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Visual Aids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Ensuring Accessibility and Clarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Language Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Format and Presentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Distribution Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Stage 8: Review of the EIA Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Internal Review by Developer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Quality Assurance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Technical Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Completeness Check
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. External Review by Competent Authority
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Administrative Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Technical Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Adequacy Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Role of Independent Expert Panels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Expert Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Review Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Review Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Public Review and Comment Period
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Notification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Comment Submission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Hearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Addressing Review Comments and Revisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Comment Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Response Preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Report Revision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Finalization of the EIA Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Final Report Preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Approval Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Stage 9: Decision-Making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Role of EIA in the Approval Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Decision Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. EIA Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Decision Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Attaching Conditions to Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Monitoring Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Reporting Obligations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Record of Decision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Decision Documentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rationale Explanation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Condition Specification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Communication of Decision to Stakeholders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Notification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stakeholder Briefing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Media Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Stage 10: Post-Decision Monitoring and Auditing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Implementation of Environmental Management Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Plan Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Compliance Verification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Compliance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Regulatory Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Condition Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Standard Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Impact Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Effects Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Trend Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Impact Verification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Environmental Auditing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Audit Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Audit Execution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Audit Reporting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Reporting and Documentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Monitoring Reports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Compliance Reports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public Reporting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Feedback for Future EIAs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lessons Learned
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Best Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Process Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Adaptive Management and Corrective Actions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Corrective Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Plan Updates

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Foundations of Environmental Impact Assessment

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Methodologies for Impact Assessment