English Language Grammar

1. Punctuation and Mechanics
   1. End Punctuation
      1. Period
      2. Question Mark
      3. Exclamation Point
   2. Commas
      1. In a Series
      2. With Coordinating Conjunctions
      3. With Introductory Elements
      4. With Nonessential Elements
         1. Appositives
         2. Nonrestrictive Clauses
      5. With Direct Address
      6. In Dates and Addresses
      7. With Coordinate Adjectives
      8. With Tag Questions
   3. Semicolons
      1. Joining Independent Clauses
      2. In a Series with Internal Commas
      3. With Conjunctive Adverbs
   4. Colons
      1. Introducing a List
      2. Introducing a Quotation
      3. Between Independent Clauses
      4. In Time and Ratios
   5. Apostrophes
      1. Showing Possession
         1. Singular Possession
         2. Plural Possession
      2. Forming Contractions
      3. Common Apostrophe Errors
   6. Quotation Marks
      1. For Direct Quotations
      2. For Titles of Short Works
      3. With Other Punctuation
      4. Quoting within Quotes
   7. Hyphens and Dashes
      1. Hyphens in Compound Words
      2. Hyphens in Numbers and Fractions
      3. Em Dash for Emphasis or Interruption
      4. En Dash for Ranges
   8. Parentheses and Brackets
      1. Parentheses for Supplemental Information
      2. Brackets for Clarification within Quotations
      3. Brackets for Editorial Comments
   9. Capitalization
      1. First Word of a Sentence
      2. Proper Nouns
      3. Proper Adjectives
      4. Titles of Works
      5. The Pronoun I
      6. Days, Months, Holidays
      7. Capitalization in Quotations