Embedded Linux

  1. Core Components of an Embedded Linux System
    1. System Architecture Overview
      1. Hardware Layer
        1. Bootloader Layer
          1. Kernel Layer
            1. User Space Layer
              1. Application Layer
              2. The Cross-Development Toolchain
                1. Definition and Purpose
                  1. Host vs Target Architecture
                    1. Components of a Toolchain
                      1. Compiler (GCC)
                        1. Cross-Compilation Concepts
                          1. Target Triplets
                            1. Compiler Flags and Options
                            2. Binary Utilities (Binutils)
                              1. Assembler
                                1. Linker
                                  1. Object Copy and Dump Tools
                                    1. Symbol Table Tools
                                    2. C Library
                                      1. glibc
                                        1. uClibc-ng
                                          1. musl
                                            1. Library Comparison
                                            2. Kernel Headers
                                              1. Role in Application Compilation
                                                1. Version Compatibility
                                                2. Debugger (GDB)
                                                  1. Remote Debugging Support
                                                    1. Cross-Debugging Setup
                                                3. The Bootloader
                                                  1. Role of the Bootloader
                                                    1. Hardware Initialization
                                                      1. Loading the Kernel
                                                        1. Passing Parameters to the Kernel
                                                          1. Boot Source Selection
                                                          2. Boot Sequence Overview
                                                            1. Primary Bootloader
                                                              1. Secondary Bootloader
                                                                1. Boot Parameters
                                                                2. Common Bootloaders
                                                                  1. U-Boot (Das U-Boot)
                                                                    1. Features and Configuration
                                                                      1. Scripting and Environment Variables
                                                                        1. Network Boot Support
                                                                        2. Barebox
                                                                          1. Use Cases and Features
                                                                            1. Configuration System
                                                                            2. GRUB (for x86 platforms)
                                                                              1. Multiboot Support
                                                                                1. Configuration Files
                                                                            3. The Linux Kernel
                                                                              1. Role of the Kernel
                                                                                1. Hardware Abstraction
                                                                                  1. Process and Memory Management
                                                                                    1. System Call Interface
                                                                                      1. Resource Management
                                                                                      2. Kernel Architecture
                                                                                        1. Monolithic vs. Modular Design
                                                                                          1. Kernel Space vs. User Space
                                                                                            1. Kernel Modules
                                                                                            2. Key Subsystems
                                                                                              1. Process Scheduler
                                                                                                1. Scheduling Policies
                                                                                                  1. Real-Time Scheduling
                                                                                                    1. Load Balancing
                                                                                                    2. Memory Management
                                                                                                      1. Virtual Memory
                                                                                                        1. Paging and Swapping
                                                                                                          1. Memory Allocation
                                                                                                          2. Virtual File System (VFS)
                                                                                                            1. Filesystem Abstraction
                                                                                                              1. Supported Filesystems
                                                                                                                1. Mount Points
                                                                                                                2. Networking Stack
                                                                                                                  1. Protocol Implementation
                                                                                                                    1. Network Device Drivers
                                                                                                                      1. Socket Interface
                                                                                                                      2. Device Drivers
                                                                                                                        1. Types of Drivers
                                                                                                                          1. Driver Loading and Unloading
                                                                                                                            1. Device Model
                                                                                                                        2. The Root Filesystem (Rootfs)
                                                                                                                          1. Purpose and Structure
                                                                                                                            1. Mount Point for System Files
                                                                                                                              1. Directory Hierarchy
                                                                                                                                1. Filesystem Layout
                                                                                                                                2. Essential Components
                                                                                                                                  1. System Initialization (init)
                                                                                                                                    1. Role of init Process
                                                                                                                                      1. Init Systems
                                                                                                                                      2. Core Utilities and Libraries
                                                                                                                                        1. Shells
                                                                                                                                          1. Basic Command-Line Tools
                                                                                                                                            1. System Libraries
                                                                                                                                            2. Device Files (/dev)
                                                                                                                                              1. Major and Minor Numbers
                                                                                                                                                1. Dynamic Device Management
                                                                                                                                                2. Configuration Files (/etc)
                                                                                                                                                  1. System Configuration
                                                                                                                                                    1. Network Configuration
                                                                                                                                                      1. Service Configuration
                                                                                                                                                      2. Application Binaries
                                                                                                                                                        1. Placement and Permissions
                                                                                                                                                          1. Library Dependencies

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                                                                                                                                                    3. Development Environment Setup