Electromagnetics

2.

2.1.

Electric Charge and Force

2.1.1.

Properties of Electric Charge

2.1.1.1.

Quantization of Charge

2.1.1.2.

Conservation of Charge

2.1.1.3.

Charge Distribution Types

2.1.2.

2.1.2.1.

Force Between Point Charges

2.1.2.2.

Vector Form of Coulomb's Law

2.1.2.3.

Limitations and Validity

2.1.3.

Principle of Superposition

2.1.3.1.

Application to Multiple Point Charges

2.1.3.2.

Continuous Charge Distributions

2.2.

2.2.1.

Definition of Electric Field

2.2.1.1.

2.2.1.2.

Test Charge Method

2.2.2.

Electric Field of Point Charges

2.2.2.1.

Single Point Charge

2.2.2.2.

Multiple Point Charges

2.2.3.

Electric Field of Continuous Charge Distributions

2.2.3.1.

Line Charge Distributions

2.2.3.1.1.

Linear Charge Density

2.2.3.1.2.

Field Calculation Methods

2.2.3.1.3.

Finite Line Charges

2.2.3.1.4.

Infinite Line Charges

2.2.3.2.

Surface Charge Distributions

2.2.3.2.1.

Surface Charge Density

2.2.3.2.2.

Field Calculation Methods

2.2.3.2.3.

Finite Surface Charges

2.2.3.2.4.

Infinite Surface Charges

2.2.3.3.

Volume Charge Distributions

2.2.3.3.1.

Volume Charge Density

2.2.3.3.2.

Field Calculation Methods

2.2.4.

Electric Field Lines

2.2.4.1.

Properties and Rules

2.2.4.2.

Field Line Patterns

2.2.4.3.

Interpretation and Limitations

2.2.5.

Electric Dipole Fields

2.2.5.1.

Electric Dipole Moment

2.2.5.2.

Field Along Axis

2.2.5.3.

Field in Equatorial Plane

2.2.5.4.

General Field Expression

2.2.6.

Multipole Expansions

2.2.6.1.

2.2.6.2.

2.2.6.3.

Quadrupole Term

2.3.

Electric Flux and Gauss's Law

2.3.1.

2.3.1.1.

Definition of Electric Flux

2.3.1.2.

Flux Through Closed Surfaces

2.3.2.

Electric Flux Density

2.3.2.1.

Definition of D-field

2.3.2.2.

Relationship Between E and D

2.3.3.

2.3.3.1.

2.3.3.2.

Differential Form

2.3.3.3.

Physical Interpretation

2.3.4.

Applications of Gauss's Law

2.3.4.1.

Spherically Symmetric Distributions

2.3.4.2.

Cylindrically Symmetric Distributions

2.3.4.3.

Planar Symmetric Distributions

2.3.4.4.

General Problem-Solving Strategy

2.4.

Electric Potential

2.4.1.

Work and Potential Energy

2.4.1.1.

Work Done by Electric Forces

2.4.1.2.

Potential Energy of Charges

2.4.2.

Electric Potential

2.4.2.1.

Definition of Potential

2.4.2.2.

Potential Difference

2.4.2.3.

Reference Points

2.4.3.

Potential Due to Point Charges

2.4.3.1.

Single Point Charge

2.4.3.2.

Multiple Point Charges

2.4.4.

Potential Due to Continuous Distributions

2.4.4.1.

Line Charge Distributions

2.4.4.2.

Surface Charge Distributions

2.4.4.3.

Volume Charge Distributions

2.4.5.

Relationship Between Field and Potential

2.4.5.1.

E-field from Potential

2.4.5.2.

Conservative Nature of Electrostatic Field

2.4.6.

Equipotential Surfaces

2.4.6.1.

Definition and Properties

2.4.6.2.

Relationship to Field Lines

2.5.

Conductors in Electrostatic Fields

2.5.1.

Properties of Conductors

2.5.1.1.

Electrostatic Equilibrium Conditions

2.5.1.2.

Field Inside Conductors

2.5.1.3.

Surface Charge Distribution

2.5.2.

Induced Charges

2.5.2.1.

Charge Induction Process

2.5.2.2.

Faraday Cage Effect

2.5.3.

Method of Images

2.5.3.1.

Image Charges for Conducting Planes

2.5.3.2.

Image Charges for Conducting Spheres

2.5.3.3.

Applications and Limitations

2.5.4.

Capacitance of Conductors

2.5.4.1.

Self-Capacitance

2.5.4.2.

Mutual Capacitance

2.6.

Dielectric Materials

2.6.1.

Polarization in Dielectrics

2.6.1.1.

Microscopic Picture of Polarization

2.6.1.2.

Polarization Vector

2.6.1.3.

2.6.2.

Dielectric Properties

2.6.2.1.

2.6.2.2.

Dielectric Constant

2.6.2.3.

2.6.3.

Dielectric Strength and Breakdown

2.6.3.1.

Breakdown Mechanisms

2.6.3.2.

Breakdown Voltage

2.6.4.

Linear and Nonlinear Dielectrics

2.6.4.1.

Linear Response

2.6.4.2.

Nonlinear Effects

2.7.

Boundary Conditions

2.7.1.

General Boundary Conditions

2.7.1.1.

Tangential Field Components

2.7.1.2.

Normal Field Components

2.7.2.

Conductor-Vacuum Interface

2.7.2.1.

Field Boundary Conditions

2.7.2.2.

Surface Charge Density

2.7.3.

Dielectric-Dielectric Interface

2.7.3.1.

Continuity Conditions

2.7.3.2.

Refraction of Field Lines

2.7.4.

Conductor-Dielectric Interface

2.7.4.1.

Modified Boundary Conditions

2.8.

Capacitance and Capacitors

2.8.1.

Definition of Capacitance

2.8.1.1.

Capacitance Concept

2.8.1.2.

Units and Typical Values

2.8.2.

Capacitance Calculations

2.8.2.1.

Parallel-Plate Capacitor

2.8.2.2.

Coaxial Capacitor

2.8.2.3.

Spherical Capacitor

2.8.2.4.

Cylindrical Capacitor

2.8.3.

Capacitors with Dielectrics

2.8.3.1.

Effect of Dielectric Insertion

2.8.3.2.

Partially Filled Capacitors

2.8.3.3.

Multiple Dielectric Layers

2.8.4.

Energy Storage in Capacitors

2.8.4.1.

2.8.4.2.

Total Stored Energy

2.8.4.3.

2.8.5.

Capacitor Networks

2.8.5.1.

Series Combinations

2.8.5.2.

Parallel Combinations

2.8.5.3.

Complex Networks

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1. Foundations of Electromagnetics

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3. Magnetostatics