Digital Imaging and Processing

  1. Image Segmentation
    1. Segmentation Fundamentals
      1. Definition and Objectives
        1. Segmentation Criteria
          1. Challenges in Segmentation
            1. Evaluation of Segmentation Results
            2. Edge-Based Segmentation
              1. Edge Detection Fundamentals
                1. Edge Models
                  1. First and Second Derivative Operators
                  2. Classical Edge Detectors
                    1. Gradient-Based Methods
                      1. Roberts Cross-Gradient
                        1. Prewitt Operator
                          1. Sobel Operator
                          2. Laplacian-Based Methods
                            1. Laplacian of Gaussian
                              1. Zero-Crossing Detection
                            2. Advanced Edge Detection
                              1. Canny Edge Detector
                                1. Gaussian Smoothing
                                  1. Gradient Computation
                                    1. Non-maximum Suppression
                                      1. Double Thresholding
                                        1. Edge Linking by Hysteresis
                                      2. Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
                                        1. Local Processing
                                          1. Point Linking
                                            1. Line Linking
                                            2. Global Processing via Hough Transform
                                              1. Line Detection
                                                1. Circle Detection
                                                  1. Generalized Hough Transform
                                              2. Thresholding Techniques
                                                1. Global Thresholding
                                                  1. Basic Global Thresholding
                                                    1. Optimal Thresholding
                                                      1. Otsu's Method
                                                        1. Between-Class Variance
                                                          1. Implementation
                                                        2. Adaptive Thresholding
                                                          1. Local Thresholding
                                                            1. Variable Thresholding
                                                            2. Multiple Thresholding
                                                              1. Multi-level Thresholding
                                                                1. Optimal Multiple Thresholds
                                                              2. Region-Based Segmentation
                                                                1. Region Growing
                                                                  1. Seed Selection
                                                                    1. Growing Criteria
                                                                      1. Implementation Issues
                                                                      2. Region Splitting and Merging
                                                                        1. Quadtree Representation
                                                                          1. Split-and-Merge Algorithm
                                                                            1. Homogeneity Criteria
                                                                            2. Watershed Segmentation
                                                                              1. Watershed Transform
                                                                                1. Catchment Basins and Watershed Lines
                                                                                  1. Marker-Based Watershed
                                                                                    1. Over-segmentation Issues
                                                                                  2. Clustering-Based Segmentation
                                                                                    1. K-Means Clustering
                                                                                      1. Algorithm Steps
                                                                                        1. Initialization Methods
                                                                                          1. Convergence Criteria
                                                                                          2. Fuzzy C-Means Clustering
                                                                                            1. Fuzzy Membership
                                                                                              1. Algorithm Implementation
                                                                                              2. Mean Shift Clustering
                                                                                                1. Kernel Density Estimation
                                                                                                  1. Mode Seeking
                                                                                                  2. Expectation-Maximization Algorithm
                                                                                                    1. Gaussian Mixture Models
                                                                                                      1. Parameter Estimation
                                                                                                    2. Advanced Segmentation Methods
                                                                                                      1. Graph-Based Segmentation
                                                                                                        1. Graph Representation
                                                                                                          1. Minimum Cut Methods
                                                                                                          2. Active Contours
                                                                                                            1. Snake Models
                                                                                                              1. Energy Minimization
                                                                                                              2. Level Set Methods
                                                                                                                1. Curve Evolution
                                                                                                                  1. Implementation

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                                                                                                              7. Morphological Image Processing

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                                                                                                              9. Feature Extraction and Description