Design of Experiments

Design of Experiments (DOE) is a systematic and rigorous approach within statistics for planning, conducting, and analyzing controlled tests to understand and optimize a process or system. It involves purposefully changing one or more input variables, known as factors, to observe and identify the corresponding changes in an output variable, or response. By applying principles such as randomization, replication, and blocking, DOE allows researchers to efficiently determine cause-and-effect relationships, identify the most influential factors, and find the optimal settings for those factors, all while minimizing the effects of lurking variables and ensuring the conclusions are statistically valid.