Deep Learning for Audio Processing

  1. Core Deep Learning Architectures for Audio
    1. Multilayer Perceptrons for Audio
      1. Basic MLP Architecture
        1. Input Layer Design for Audio Features
          1. Hidden Layer Configuration
            1. Output Layer for Different Tasks
            2. Feature Input Strategies
              1. Fixed-length Feature Vectors
                1. Statistical Aggregation Methods
                  1. Bag-of-Features Approaches
                  2. Limitations and Constraints
                    1. Temporal Information Loss
                      1. Fixed Input Size Requirements
                        1. Lack of Translation Invariance
                      2. Convolutional Neural Networks
                        1. 1D CNNs for Temporal Data
                          1. Temporal Convolution Operations
                            1. Kernel Size Selection
                              1. Stride and Dilation
                                1. Receptive Field Analysis
                                  1. Pooling in Time Domain
                                    1. Max Pooling
                                      1. Average Pooling
                                        1. Adaptive Pooling
                                      2. 2D CNNs for Spectrograms
                                        1. Convolution across Time and Frequency
                                          1. Filter Design Considerations
                                            1. Frequency-aware Architectures
                                              1. Pooling Strategies for 2D Audio
                                                1. Time-Frequency Pooling
                                                  1. Frequency-only Pooling
                                                    1. Adaptive Pooling Methods
                                                  2. Advanced CNN Architectures
                                                    1. Residual Networks for Audio
                                                      1. DenseNet Adaptations
                                                        1. Inception Modules for Audio
                                                          1. Separable Convolutions
                                                          2. CNN Design Principles
                                                            1. Translation Invariance
                                                              1. Local Feature Detection
                                                                1. Hierarchical Feature Learning
                                                                  1. Parameter Sharing Benefits
                                                                2. Recurrent Neural Networks
                                                                  1. Basic RNN Architecture
                                                                    1. Recurrent Connections
                                                                      1. Hidden State Evolution
                                                                        1. Sequence Processing
                                                                        2. RNN Challenges
                                                                          1. Vanishing Gradient Problem
                                                                            1. Exploding Gradient Problem
                                                                              1. Long-term Dependency Issues
                                                                              2. Long Short-Term Memory Networks
                                                                                1. LSTM Cell Architecture
                                                                                  1. Forget Gate
                                                                                    1. Input Gate
                                                                                      1. Output Gate
                                                                                        1. Cell State Management
                                                                                        2. LSTM Variants
                                                                                          1. Peephole Connections
                                                                                            1. Coupled Input-Forget Gates
                                                                                            2. Bidirectional LSTM
                                                                                              1. Forward and Backward Processing
                                                                                                1. Context Integration
                                                                                              2. Gated Recurrent Units
                                                                                                1. GRU Architecture
                                                                                                  1. Update Gate
                                                                                                    1. Reset Gate
                                                                                                      1. Simplified Gating
                                                                                                      2. GRU vs LSTM Comparison
                                                                                                        1. Computational Efficiency
                                                                                                        2. RNN Training Techniques
                                                                                                          1. Truncated Backpropagation
                                                                                                            1. Gradient Clipping
                                                                                                              1. Teacher Forcing
                                                                                                                1. Scheduled Sampling
                                                                                                              2. Hybrid and Advanced Architectures
                                                                                                                1. Convolutional Recurrent Networks
                                                                                                                  1. CNN Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                    1. RNN Temporal Modeling
                                                                                                                      1. CRNN Architecture Design
                                                                                                                        1. Applications in Audio Tasks
                                                                                                                        2. Attention Mechanisms
                                                                                                                          1. Attention Concept and Motivation
                                                                                                                            1. Additive Attention
                                                                                                                              1. Multiplicative Attention
                                                                                                                                1. Self-Attention Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                  1. Multi-head Attention
                                                                                                                                  2. Transformer Architecture
                                                                                                                                    1. Encoder-Decoder Structure
                                                                                                                                      1. Positional Encoding for Audio
                                                                                                                                        1. Sinusoidal Encodings
                                                                                                                                          1. Learnable Position Embeddings
                                                                                                                                            1. Relative Position Encoding
                                                                                                                                            2. Audio-specific Transformer Adaptations
                                                                                                                                              1. Conformer Architecture
                                                                                                                                                1. Audio Spectrogram Transformer
                                                                                                                                              2. Graph Neural Networks for Audio
                                                                                                                                                1. Audio as Graph Data
                                                                                                                                                  1. Spectral Graph Convolutions
                                                                                                                                                    1. Graph Attention Networks
                                                                                                                                                      1. Applications in Music Analysis
                                                                                                                                                    2. Specialized Audio Architectures
                                                                                                                                                      1. WaveNet Architecture
                                                                                                                                                        1. Dilated Convolutions
                                                                                                                                                          1. Causal Convolutions
                                                                                                                                                            1. Residual and Skip Connections
                                                                                                                                                              1. Conditioning Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                              2. Temporal Convolutional Networks
                                                                                                                                                                1. TCN Design Principles
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dilated Convolution Stacks
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Receptive Field Growth
                                                                                                                                                                    2. U-Net for Audio
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Encoder-Decoder Structure
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Skip Connections
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Applications in Source Separation
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Autoencoder Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Vanilla Autoencoders
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Variational Autoencoders
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Denoising Autoencoders
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sparse Autoencoders

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                                                                                                                                                                              2. Audio Data Representation and Preprocessing

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                                                                                                                                                                              4. Key Applications and Tasks