Decentralized Web

  1. Foundational Technologies
    1. Peer-to-Peer Networking
      1. Basic Concepts of P2P Systems
        1. Node Roles and Responsibilities
          1. Decentralized Resource Sharing
            1. Network Topology Models
            2. Structured P2P Networks
              1. Distributed Hash Tables
                1. Chord Protocol
                  1. Kademlia Algorithm
                    1. Key-Value Storage
                    2. Routing Algorithms
                      1. Lookup Mechanisms
                      2. Unstructured P2P Networks
                        1. Flooding Protocols
                          1. Gossip Protocols
                            1. Random Walk Algorithms
                              1. Scalability Considerations
                              2. P2P Applications
                                1. File Sharing Systems
                                  1. Real-Time Communication
                                    1. Content Distribution
                                  2. Cryptographic Foundations
                                    1. Public-Key Cryptography
                                      1. Mathematical Foundations
                                        1. Key Pair Generation
                                          1. Encryption and Decryption
                                            1. Key Management Practices
                                            2. Digital Signatures
                                              1. Signature Creation Process
                                                1. Signature Verification
                                                  1. Authentication Properties
                                                    1. Non-Repudiation Guarantees
                                                    2. Hash Functions
                                                      1. Cryptographic Properties
                                                        1. Determinism
                                                          1. Collision Resistance
                                                            1. Preimage Resistance
                                                              1. Avalanche Effect
                                                              2. Common Hash Algorithms
                                                                1. SHA-256
                                                                  1. Keccak-256
                                                                    1. Blake2
                                                                    2. Applications in Blockchain
                                                                      1. Block Hashing
                                                                        1. Merkle Trees
                                                                          1. Proof-of-Work
                                                                        2. Merkle Trees
                                                                          1. Tree Structure and Construction
                                                                            1. Root Hash Calculation
                                                                              1. Proof of Inclusion
                                                                                1. Efficiency Benefits
                                                                              2. Blockchain Technology
                                                                                1. Distributed Ledger Concepts
                                                                                  1. Decentralized Record-Keeping
                                                                                    1. Consensus on Global State
                                                                                      1. Append-Only Structure
                                                                                      2. Block Structure
                                                                                        1. Block Header Components
                                                                                          1. Previous Block Hash
                                                                                            1. Merkle Root
                                                                                              1. Timestamp
                                                                                                1. Nonce
                                                                                                2. Transaction Data
                                                                                                  1. Block Size Considerations
                                                                                                  2. Chain Formation and Maintenance
                                                                                                    1. Linking Blocks via Hashes
                                                                                                      1. Chain Reorganization
                                                                                                        1. Fork Resolution
                                                                                                        2. Immutability Properties
                                                                                                          1. Tamper-Evident Records
                                                                                                            1. Computational Cost of Alteration
                                                                                                              1. Probabilistic Finality
                                                                                                              2. Blockchain Types
                                                                                                                1. Public Blockchains
                                                                                                                  1. Open Participation
                                                                                                                    1. Full Decentralization
                                                                                                                      1. Examples and Use Cases
                                                                                                                      2. Private Blockchains
                                                                                                                        1. Restricted Access
                                                                                                                          1. Enterprise Applications
                                                                                                                            1. Permissioned Networks
                                                                                                                            2. Consortium Blockchains
                                                                                                                              1. Multi-Organization Control
                                                                                                                                1. Hybrid Governance Models
                                                                                                                                  1. Industry Collaborations
                                                                                                                              2. Smart Contracts
                                                                                                                                1. Fundamental Concepts
                                                                                                                                  1. Automated Contract Execution
                                                                                                                                    1. Code as Law Philosophy
                                                                                                                                      1. Removal of Intermediaries
                                                                                                                                      2. Contract Architecture
                                                                                                                                        1. State Variables
                                                                                                                                          1. Functions and Methods
                                                                                                                                            1. Events and Logging
                                                                                                                                            2. Execution Environment
                                                                                                                                              1. Virtual Machine Concepts
                                                                                                                                                1. Gas and Resource Metering
                                                                                                                                                  1. Deterministic Execution
                                                                                                                                                  2. Programming Paradigms
                                                                                                                                                    1. Turing Completeness
                                                                                                                                                      1. State Machines
                                                                                                                                                        1. Event-Driven Programming
                                                                                                                                                        2. Limitations and Constraints
                                                                                                                                                          1. Oracle Problem
                                                                                                                                                            1. Immutability Challenges
                                                                                                                                                              1. Upgrade Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                            2. Consensus Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                              1. Byzantine Fault Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                1. Byzantine Generals Problem
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fault Models
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Safety and Liveness Properties
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Proof-of-Work
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mining Process
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hash Puzzles
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Difficulty Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Block Rewards
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Security Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Energy Consumption Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mining Pools and Centralization
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Proof-of-Stake
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Validator Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Staking Economics
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Slashing Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Energy Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nothing-at-Stake Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Alternative Consensus Models
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Delegated Proof-of-Stake
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Delegation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Voting Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Representative Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Proof-of-Authority
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Trusted Validator Sets
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identity Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Use Cases and Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Proof-of-History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Verifiable Delay Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Time-Ordering Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Integration with Other Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Three-Phase Protocol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Message Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Performance Characteristics

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Introduction to the Decentralized Web

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Core Infrastructure and Protocols