Data Cleaning

  1. Techniques for Standardization and Consistency
    1. Duplicate Detection and Resolution
      1. Exact Matching
        1. Hash-Based Comparison
          1. Byte-Level Comparison
            1. Field-by-Field Matching
            2. Fuzzy Matching
              1. String Similarity Metrics
                1. Levenshtein Distance
                  1. Jaro-Winkler Distance
                    1. Soundex Algorithm
                      1. Metaphone Algorithm
                      2. Phonetic Matching
                        1. Approximate String Matching
                          1. Token-Based Matching
                          2. Probabilistic Matching
                            1. Fellegi-Sunter Model
                              1. Expectation-Maximization
                                1. Machine Learning Approaches
                                  1. Bayesian Methods
                                  2. Blocking and Indexing
                                    1. Standard Blocking
                                      1. Sorted Neighborhood
                                        1. Canopy Clustering
                                          1. Locality-Sensitive Hashing
                                          2. Record Linkage
                                            1. Deterministic Linkage
                                              1. Probabilistic Linkage
                                                1. Machine Learning Linkage
                                                  1. Active Learning Approaches
                                                  2. Duplicate Resolution Strategies
                                                    1. Merge Records
                                                      1. Keep Best Record
                                                        1. Create Master Record
                                                          1. Flag Duplicates
                                                        2. Format Standardization
                                                          1. Date and Time Standardization
                                                            1. ISO 8601 Standard
                                                              1. Locale-Specific Formats
                                                                1. Time Zone Handling
                                                                  1. Daylight Saving Time
                                                                    1. Calendar System Conversion
                                                                    2. Address Standardization
                                                                      1. Postal Standards
                                                                        1. USPS Standards
                                                                          1. International Standards
                                                                            1. Country-Specific Formats
                                                                            2. Geocoding and Validation
                                                                              1. Address Parsing
                                                                                1. Abbreviation Standardization
                                                                                2. Phone Number Standardization
                                                                                  1. International Format (E.164)
                                                                                    1. National Formats
                                                                                      1. Extension Handling
                                                                                        1. Validation Rules
                                                                                        2. Name Standardization
                                                                                          1. Personal Name Parsing
                                                                                            1. Title and Suffix Handling
                                                                                              1. Cultural Considerations
                                                                                                1. Transliteration
                                                                                                2. Financial Data Formatting
                                                                                                  1. Currency Standardization
                                                                                                    1. Decimal Precision
                                                                                                      1. Accounting Formats
                                                                                                        1. Exchange Rate Conversion
                                                                                                      2. Unit and Measurement Standardization
                                                                                                        1. Unit Conversion
                                                                                                          1. Metric System Conversion
                                                                                                            1. Imperial System Conversion
                                                                                                              1. Scientific Units
                                                                                                                1. Custom Unit Systems
                                                                                                                2. Scale Normalization
                                                                                                                  1. Min-Max Scaling
                                                                                                                    1. Z-Score Normalization
                                                                                                                      1. Robust Scaling
                                                                                                                        1. Unit Vector Scaling
                                                                                                                        2. Precision and Rounding
                                                                                                                          1. Significant Figures
                                                                                                                            1. Decimal Places
                                                                                                                              1. Rounding Rules
                                                                                                                                1. Precision Loss Handling
                                                                                                                                2. Mixed Unit Handling
                                                                                                                                  1. Unit Detection
                                                                                                                                    1. Automatic Conversion
                                                                                                                                      1. Unit Validation
                                                                                                                                        1. Documentation Requirements
                                                                                                                                      2. Text and String Standardization
                                                                                                                                        1. Case Standardization
                                                                                                                                          1. Uppercase Conversion
                                                                                                                                            1. Lowercase Conversion
                                                                                                                                              1. Title Case Conversion
                                                                                                                                                1. Sentence Case Conversion
                                                                                                                                                2. Whitespace Handling
                                                                                                                                                  1. Leading Whitespace Removal
                                                                                                                                                    1. Trailing Whitespace Removal
                                                                                                                                                      1. Multiple Space Reduction
                                                                                                                                                        1. Tab and Newline Handling
                                                                                                                                                        2. Character Encoding
                                                                                                                                                          1. UTF-8 Standardization
                                                                                                                                                            1. ASCII Conversion
                                                                                                                                                              1. Special Character Handling
                                                                                                                                                                1. Diacritic Removal
                                                                                                                                                                2. Abbreviation Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Expansion Rules
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Contraction Rules
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Domain-Specific Abbreviations
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Consistency Enforcement
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Categorical Data Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Category Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Value Mapping Tables
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hierarchical Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fuzzy Category Matching
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Synonym Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Label Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Spelling Correction
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Case Normalization
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Punctuation Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Special Character Handling
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Category Consolidation
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Similar Category Merging
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rare Category Grouping
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hierarchical Grouping
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Business Logic Grouping
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Encoding Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Consistent Encoding Schemes
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ordinal Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Binary Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Multi-Level Encoding

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                                                                                                                                                                                                    6. Techniques for Correcting Inaccurate Data

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                                                                                                                                                                                                    8. Techniques for Fixing Structural Errors