Cryptography and Network Security

Cryptography and Network Security is a critical field focused on the principles and practices for securing data in transit and protecting network infrastructure from unauthorized access and attacks. It encompasses the science of cryptography—which involves techniques like encryption, hashing, and digital signatures to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity—and applies these tools to the practical challenges of network security. This includes designing and implementing secure protocols (like HTTPS and VPNs), configuring firewalls, and deploying intrusion detection systems to safeguard communications and resources within and between computer networks.

1. Introduction to Security
   1. Core Security Concepts
      1. The CIA Triad
         1. Confidentiality
            1. Definition and Importance
            2. Information Classification
            3. Data Sensitivity Levels
            4. Methods to Ensure Confidentiality
               1. Encryption
               2. Access Controls
               3. Physical Security
         2. Integrity
            1. Definition and Importance
            2. Data Integrity
            3. System Integrity
            4. Methods to Ensure Integrity
               1. Hash Functions
               2. Digital Signatures
               3. Checksums
               4. Version Control
         3. Availability
            1. Definition and Importance
            2. System Uptime Requirements
            3. Ensuring System Availability
               1. Redundancy
               2. Load Balancing
               3. Disaster Recovery
               4. Business Continuity Planning
      2. Additional Security Goals
         1. Authenticity
            1. Definition and Role in Security
            2. Entity Authentication
            3. Data Origin Authentication
            4. Methods for Achieving Authenticity
               1. Digital Certificates
               2. Authentication Protocols
               3. Biometric Verification
         2. Non-repudiation
            1. Definition and Importance
            2. Legal Implications
            3. Mechanisms for Non-repudiation
               1. Digital Signatures
               2. Audit Logs
               3. Timestamping
         3. Accountability
            1. Definition and Importance
            2. Responsibility Assignment
            3. Audit Trails and Logging
            4. Compliance Requirements
   2. Security Attacks, Services, and Mechanisms
      1. Types of Attacks
         1. Passive Attacks
            1. Eavesdropping
               1. Packet Sniffing
               2. Wiretapping
               3. Electromagnetic Interception
            2. Traffic Analysis
               1. Pattern Analysis
               2. Metadata Collection
               3. Flow Analysis
               4. Timing Analysis
         2. Active Attacks
            1. Masquerade
               1. Identity Spoofing
               2. IP Spoofing
               3. Email Spoofing
            2. Replay
               1. Message Replay
               2. Session Replay
               3. Timestamp Attacks
            3. Modification of Messages
               1. Data Tampering
               2. Message Insertion
               3. Message Deletion
            4. Denial of Service (DoS)
               1. Resource Exhaustion
               2. Flood Attacks
               3. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
               4. Application Layer Attacks
      2. Security Services
         1. Confidentiality Services
            1. Data Confidentiality
            2. Traffic Flow Confidentiality
         2. Integrity Services
            1. Data Integrity
            2. System Integrity
         3. Authentication Services
            1. Entity Authentication
            2. Data Origin Authentication
         4. Non-repudiation Services
            1. Proof of Origin
            2. Proof of Delivery
         5. Access Control Services
            1. Authorization
            2. Permission Management
         6. Availability Services
            1. System Availability
            2. Service Continuity
      3. Security Mechanisms
         1. Encryption
            1. Symmetric Encryption
            2. Asymmetric Encryption
         2. Digital Signatures
            1. Signature Generation
            2. Signature Verification
         3. Hash Functions
            1. Cryptographic Hash Functions
            2. Message Digests
         4. Authentication Protocols
            1. Challenge-Response
            2. Multi-factor Authentication
         5. Access Control Mechanisms
            1. Access Control Lists
            2. Capability Systems
         6. Security Auditing
            1. Log Analysis
            2. Intrusion Detection
   3. Network and Security Models
      1. OSI Security Architecture
         1. Security Layers in OSI Model
            1. Physical Layer Security
            2. Data Link Layer Security
            3. Network Layer Security
            4. Transport Layer Security
            5. Session Layer Security
            6. Presentation Layer Security
            7. Application Layer Security
         2. Security Services in OSI Model
            1. Authentication Services
            2. Access Control Services
            3. Data Confidentiality Services
            4. Data Integrity Services
            5. Non-repudiation Services
      2. Network Attack Surfaces
         1. Physical Attack Surfaces
            1. Hardware Tampering
            2. Physical Access
            3. Environmental Attacks
         2. Network Attack Surfaces
            1. Protocol Vulnerabilities
            2. Network Infrastructure
            3. Wireless Communications
         3. Application Attack Surfaces
            1. Software Vulnerabilities
            2. Input Validation
            3. Configuration Errors
         4. Human Attack Surfaces
            1. Social Engineering
            2. Insider Threats
            3. Human Error