Cosmology

  1. The Cosmic Microwave Background
    1. Discovery and Early Studies
      1. Penzias and Wilson Discovery
        1. Accidental Detection
          1. Nobel Prize Recognition
          2. Theoretical Predictions
            1. Gamow's Predictions
              1. Alpher-Herman Calculations
              2. Confirmation of Big Bang
                1. Temperature Measurements
                  1. Blackbody Spectrum
                2. CMB Properties
                  1. Thermal Spectrum
                    1. Perfect Blackbody
                      1. Temperature Determination
                        1. COBE FIRAS Measurements
                        2. Isotropy and Anisotropies
                          1. Dipole Anisotropy
                            1. Solar System Motion
                              1. Local Group Motion
                              2. Higher-Order Anisotropies
                                1. Primordial Fluctuations
                                  1. Secondary Effects
                              3. Physical Origins of Anisotropies
                                1. Primary Anisotropies
                                  1. Sachs-Wolfe Effect
                                    1. Gravitational Redshift
                                      1. Time Dilation Effects
                                      2. Acoustic Oscillations
                                        1. Baryon-Photon Fluid
                                          1. Compression and Rarefaction
                                            1. Peak Structure
                                            2. Silk Damping
                                              1. Photon Diffusion
                                                1. Small-Scale Suppression
                                              2. Secondary Anisotropies
                                                1. Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect
                                                  1. Late-Time Potential Evolution
                                                    1. Dark Energy Signature
                                                    2. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
                                                      1. Thermal SZ Effect
                                                        1. Kinetic SZ Effect
                                                          1. Cluster Detection
                                                          2. Gravitational Lensing
                                                            1. Weak Lensing Effects
                                                              1. B-mode Generation
                                                          3. CMB Power Spectrum Analysis
                                                            1. Spherical Harmonic Decomposition
                                                              1. Multipole Expansion
                                                                1. Angular Power Spectrum
                                                                2. Acoustic Peak Structure
                                                                  1. First Acoustic Peak
                                                                    1. Second and Third Peaks
                                                                      1. Peak Ratios and Cosmology
                                                                      2. Cosmological Parameter Constraints
                                                                        1. Baryon Density
                                                                          1. Dark Matter Density
                                                                            1. Hubble Constant
                                                                              1. Spectral Index
                                                                              2. Polarization Measurements
                                                                                1. E-mode Polarization
                                                                                  1. B-mode Polarization
                                                                                    1. Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio

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                                                                                3. The Standard Model of Cosmology

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                                                                                5. Contents of the Universe