Computational Linguistics

  1. Computational Phonology and Morphology
    1. Phonetics and Speech Processing
      1. Speech Signal Analysis
        1. Waveform Analysis
          1. Spectral Analysis
            1. Fundamental Frequency Extraction
            2. Articulatory and Acoustic Phonetics
              1. Speech Sound Representation
                1. Feature Extraction
                  1. Acoustic Correlates of Phonetic Features
                  2. Phonemes and Allophones
                    1. Phoneme Inventory
                      1. Allophonic Variation
                        1. Phonological Processes
                        2. Prosody and Intonation
                          1. Stress Patterns
                            1. Intonation Contours
                              1. Prosodic Modeling
                                1. ToBI Annotation
                              2. Formal Models of Phonology
                                1. Rule-Based Phonological Analysis
                                  1. Phonological Rules
                                    1. Rule Ordering
                                      1. Derivational Approaches
                                      2. Optimality Theory
                                        1. Constraints and Rankings
                                          1. Candidate Evaluation
                                            1. Computational Implementation
                                            2. Autosegmental Phonology
                                              1. Feature Geometry
                                                1. Tonal Phonology
                                                  1. Computational Models
                                                2. Computational Morphology
                                                  1. Morphological Structure
                                                    1. Morphemes and Morphs
                                                      1. Stems, Roots, and Affixes
                                                        1. Morphological Parsing
                                                        2. Inflectional Morphology
                                                          1. Paradigms and Patterns
                                                            1. Syncretism and Defectiveness
                                                              1. Computational Modeling
                                                              2. Derivational Morphology
                                                                1. Word Formation Rules
                                                                  1. Productivity and Restrictions
                                                                    1. Semantic Compositionality
                                                                    2. Non-Concatenative Morphology
                                                                      1. Root-and-Pattern Systems
                                                                        1. Reduplication
                                                                          1. Computational Challenges
                                                                        2. Finite-State Methods
                                                                          1. Finite-State Automata
                                                                            1. Deterministic and Non-Deterministic FSA
                                                                              1. Regular Expressions
                                                                                1. Closure Properties
                                                                                2. Finite-State Transducers
                                                                                  1. Input-Output Mappings
                                                                                    1. Composition and Inversion
                                                                                      1. Two-Level Morphology
                                                                                      2. Applications in Morphological Processing
                                                                                        1. Morphological Analysis
                                                                                          1. Morphological Generation
                                                                                            1. Spell Checking and Correction
                                                                                          2. Word Segmentation and Tokenization
                                                                                            1. Tokenization Challenges
                                                                                              1. Whitespace-Based Segmentation
                                                                                                1. Punctuation Handling
                                                                                                  1. Contractions and Clitics
                                                                                                  2. Subword Segmentation
                                                                                                    1. Byte Pair Encoding
                                                                                                      1. WordPiece
                                                                                                        1. SentencePiece
                                                                                                        2. Language-Specific Issues
                                                                                                          1. Chinese Word Segmentation
                                                                                                            1. Arabic Morphological Analysis
                                                                                                              1. Agglutinative Language Processing

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                                                                                                          3. Foundational Concepts in Linguistics

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                                                                                                          5. Syntax and Parsing