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Computer Science
Algorithms and Data Structures
Computational Complexity Theory
1. Introduction to Computational Complexity Theory
2. Mathematical Foundations
3. Models of Computation
4. Complexity Measurement
5. Time Complexity Classes
6. Reducibility and NP-Completeness
7. Space Complexity Theory
8. Hierarchy Theorems
9. Polynomial Hierarchy
10. Randomized Complexity
11. Interactive Proof Systems
12. Circuit Complexity
13. Quantum Complexity
14. Advanced Topics
Polynomial Hierarchy
Oracle Computation
Oracle Turing Machines
Definition and Operation
Oracle Access Models
Query Complexity
Polynomial Hierarchy Definition
Alternating Quantifier Characterization
Oracle-Based Definition
Level Structure
Σₖᴾ Classes
Πₖᴾ Classes
Δₖᴾ Classes
Relationships Between Levels
Low-Level Hierarchy
Level 0: P
Level 1: NP and co-NP
Level 2 and Beyond
Hierarchy Collapse
Collapse Conditions
P = NP Implications
Partial Collapse Scenarios
Complete Problems
Σₖᴾ-Complete Problems
Πₖᴾ-Complete Problems
Construction Techniques
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8. Hierarchy Theorems
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10. Randomized Complexity