Climate Change Solutions

Mitigation Strategies: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2.1.

Energy Sector Transformation

2.1.1.

Transitioning to Renewable Energy Sources

2.1.1.1.

2.1.1.1.1.

2.1.1.1.1.1.

2.1.1.1.1.1.1.

2.1.1.1.1.1.2.

2.1.1.1.1.1.3.

2.1.1.1.1.2.

2.1.1.1.1.2.1.

Ground-Mounted Systems

2.1.1.1.1.2.2.

Floating Solar

2.1.1.1.1.2.3.

Agrivoltaics

2.1.1.1.2.

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

2.1.1.1.2.1.

2.1.1.1.2.1.1.

2.1.1.1.2.1.2.

2.1.1.1.2.2.

2.1.1.1.2.2.1.

2.1.1.1.2.2.2.

2.1.1.1.2.3.

2.1.1.1.2.4.

Linear Fresnel Reflectors

2.1.1.2.

Wind Power

2.1.1.2.1.

Onshore Wind Turbines

2.1.1.2.1.1.

Siting and Land Use

2.1.1.2.1.1.1.

Wind Resource Assessment

2.1.1.2.1.1.2.

Environmental Impact Assessment

2.1.1.2.1.1.3.

Community Acceptance

2.1.1.2.1.2.

Grid Integration

2.1.1.2.1.2.1.

Transmission Infrastructure

2.1.1.2.1.2.2.

Grid Stability

2.1.1.2.1.2.3.

Forecasting Systems

2.1.1.2.2.

Offshore Wind Farms

2.1.1.2.2.1.

Fixed-Bottom Turbines

2.1.1.2.2.2.

Floating Platforms

2.1.1.2.2.2.1.

Semi-Submersible Platforms

2.1.1.2.2.2.2.

Tension Leg Platforms

2.1.1.2.2.2.3.

Spar Platforms

2.1.1.2.2.3.

Environmental Considerations

2.1.1.2.2.3.1.

Marine Ecosystem Impacts

2.1.1.2.2.3.2.

Noise and Visual Impacts

2.1.1.2.2.3.3.

Decommissioning

2.1.1.3.

Hydropower

2.1.1.3.1.

Large-Scale Hydropower

2.1.1.3.1.1.

Dam-Based Systems

2.1.1.3.1.2.

Pumped Storage

2.1.1.3.1.3.

Run-of-River Systems

2.1.1.3.2.

Small and Micro Hydropower

2.1.1.3.2.1.

Community-Scale Systems

2.1.1.3.2.2.

Off-Grid Applications

2.1.1.3.3.

Environmental and Social Impacts

2.1.1.3.3.1.

Ecosystem Disruption

2.1.1.3.3.2.

Fish Migration

2.1.1.3.3.3.

Sediment Transport

2.1.1.3.3.4.

Community Displacement

2.1.1.4.

Geothermal Energy

2.1.1.4.1.

Direct Use Applications

2.1.1.4.1.1.

Space Heating

2.1.1.4.1.2.

Industrial Processes

2.1.1.4.1.3.

Greenhouse Heating

2.1.1.4.2.

Geothermal Power Plants

2.1.1.4.2.1.

Dry Steam Plants

2.1.1.4.2.2.

Flash Steam Plants

2.1.1.4.2.3.

Binary Cycle Plants

2.1.1.4.3.

Enhanced Geothermal Systems

2.1.1.4.3.1.

Hot Dry Rock Technology

2.1.1.4.3.2.

Closed-Loop Systems

2.1.1.5.

Bioenergy and Biofuels

2.1.1.5.1.

Biomass Power Generation

2.1.1.5.1.1.

Dedicated Biomass Plants

2.1.1.5.1.2.

Co-firing with Coal

2.1.1.5.1.3.

Biogas Plants

2.1.1.5.2.

Liquid Biofuels for Transport

2.1.1.5.2.1.

Ethanol Production

2.1.1.5.2.2.

Biodiesel Production

2.1.1.5.2.3.

Advanced Biofuels

2.1.1.5.3.

Sustainability Concerns

2.1.1.5.3.1.

Land Use Competition

2.1.1.5.3.2.

Food Security Impacts

2.1.1.5.3.3.

2.1.1.6.

2.1.1.6.1.

2.1.1.6.2.

2.1.1.6.3.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

2.1.2.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Conservation

2.1.2.1.

Industrial Efficiency

2.1.2.1.1.

Process Optimization

2.1.2.1.1.1.

Heat Integration

2.1.2.1.1.2.

Process Control Systems

2.1.2.1.1.3.

Equipment Upgrades

2.1.2.1.2.

Waste Heat Recovery

2.1.2.1.2.1.

Heat Exchangers

2.1.2.1.2.2.

Combined Heat and Power

2.1.2.1.2.3.

Organic Rankine Cycles

2.1.2.1.3.

Motor Efficiency

2.1.2.1.3.1.

High-Efficiency Motors

2.1.2.1.3.2.

Variable Speed Drives

2.1.2.2.

Appliance and Equipment Standards

2.1.2.2.1.

Minimum Efficiency Standards

2.1.2.2.1.1.

Refrigerators and Freezers

2.1.2.2.1.2.

Air Conditioners

2.1.2.2.1.3.

Water Heaters

2.1.2.2.2.

Labeling and Certification

2.1.2.2.2.1.

Energy Star Programs

2.1.2.2.2.2.

Comparative Labels

2.1.2.2.2.3.

Mandatory Disclosure

2.1.2.3.

Building Energy Codes

2.1.2.3.1.

New Construction Standards

2.1.2.3.1.1.

Envelope Requirements

2.1.2.3.1.2.

HVAC Efficiency

2.1.2.3.1.3.

Lighting Standards

2.1.2.3.2.

Retrofitting Existing Buildings

2.1.2.3.2.1.

Energy Audits

2.1.2.3.2.2.

Weatherization Programs

2.1.2.3.2.3.

Deep Energy Retrofits

2.1.2.4.

Demand-Side Management

2.1.2.4.1.

Load Shifting

2.1.2.4.2.

Peak Shaving

2.1.2.4.3.

Energy Conservation Programs

2.1.3.

The Role of Nuclear Power

2.1.3.1.

Current Technologies

2.1.3.1.1.

Light Water Reactors

2.1.3.1.2.

Heavy Water Reactors

2.1.3.1.3.

Fast Breeder Reactors

2.1.3.2.

Advanced Nuclear Technologies

2.1.3.2.1.

Small Modular Reactors

2.1.3.2.2.

Generation IV Reactors

2.1.3.2.3.

Fusion Power

2.1.3.3.

Safety and Waste Management

2.1.3.3.1.

Reactor Safety Systems

2.1.3.3.2.

Radioactive Waste Storage

2.1.3.3.3.

Decommissioning

2.1.3.4.

Public Perception and Policy

2.1.3.4.1.

Risk Communication

2.1.3.4.2.

Regulatory Frameworks

2.1.3.4.3.

Economic Competitiveness

2.1.4.

Grid Modernization and Energy Storage

2.1.4.1.

Smart Grids

2.1.4.1.1.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

2.1.4.1.2.

Distribution Automation

2.1.4.1.3.

Demand Response

2.1.4.1.3.1.

Time-of-Use Pricing

2.1.4.1.3.2.

Critical Peak Pricing

2.1.4.1.3.3.

2.1.4.1.4.

2.1.4.1.4.1.

2.1.4.1.4.2.

2.1.4.1.4.3.

Energy Storage Integration

2.1.4.2.

Battery Storage

2.1.4.2.1.

Lithium-Ion Batteries

2.1.4.2.1.1.

Grid-Scale Applications

2.1.4.2.1.2.

Behind-the-Meter Storage

2.1.4.2.1.3.

Electric Vehicle Integration

2.1.4.2.2.

Flow Batteries

2.1.4.2.2.1.

Vanadium Redox Batteries

2.1.4.2.2.2.

Zinc-Bromine Batteries

2.1.4.2.3.

Emerging Technologies

2.1.4.2.3.1.

Solid-State Batteries

2.1.4.2.3.2.

Metal-Air Batteries

2.1.4.3.

Pumped-Hydro Storage

2.1.4.3.1.

Site Selection

2.1.4.3.1.1.

Topographical Requirements

2.1.4.3.1.2.

Water Availability

2.1.4.3.1.3.

Grid Connection

2.1.4.3.2.

Environmental Impacts

2.1.4.3.2.1.

Ecosystem Disruption

2.1.4.3.2.2.

Water Quality

2.1.4.3.2.3.

Visual Impacts

2.1.4.4.

Green Hydrogen Production and Storage

2.1.4.4.1.

Electrolysis

2.1.4.4.1.1.

Alkaline Electrolysis

2.1.4.4.1.2.

Proton Exchange Membrane

2.1.4.4.1.3.

Solid Oxide Electrolysis

2.1.4.4.2.

Storage and Distribution

2.1.4.4.2.1.

Compressed Gas Storage

2.1.4.4.2.2.

Liquid Hydrogen Storage

2.1.4.4.2.3.

Underground Storage

2.1.4.4.2.4.

Pipeline Distribution

2.1.4.5.

Other Storage Technologies

2.1.4.5.1.

Compressed Air Energy Storage

2.1.4.5.2.

Thermal Energy Storage

2.1.4.5.3.

Gravity-Based Storage

2.2.

Industrial Sector Decarbonization

2.2.1.

Process Electrification

2.2.1.1.

High-Temperature Processes

2.2.1.1.1.

Steel Production

2.2.1.1.2.

Cement Manufacturing

2.2.1.1.3.

Glass Production

2.2.1.2.

Low-Temperature Processes

2.2.1.2.1.

Chemical Processing

2.2.1.2.2.

Food Processing

2.2.1.2.3.

Textile Manufacturing

2.2.2.

Fuel Switching to Low-Carbon Alternatives

2.2.2.1.

Hydrogen

2.2.2.1.1.

Green Hydrogen Applications

2.2.2.1.2.

Blue Hydrogen Transition

2.2.2.1.3.

Hydrogen Infrastructure

2.2.2.2.

Biomass

2.2.2.2.1.

Sustainable Biomass Sources

2.2.2.2.2.

Biomass Processing

2.2.2.2.3.

Supply Chain Management

2.2.2.3.

Electrification

2.2.2.3.1.

Electric Heating Systems

2.2.2.3.2.

Electric Process Equipment

2.2.2.3.3.

Grid Integration

2.2.3.

Material Efficiency and Substitution

2.2.3.1.

Lightweighting

2.2.3.1.1.

Advanced Materials

2.2.3.1.2.

Design Optimization

2.2.3.1.3.

Manufacturing Processes

2.2.3.2.

Alternative Materials

2.2.3.2.1.

Bio-based Materials

2.2.3.2.2.

Recycled Content

2.2.3.2.3.

Low-Carbon Alternatives

2.2.4.

Circular Economy Principles

2.2.4.1.

Reducing, Reusing, Recycling

2.2.4.1.1.

Waste Minimization

2.2.4.1.1.1.

Source Reduction

2.2.4.1.1.2.

Process Optimization

2.2.4.1.2.

Product Life Extension

2.2.4.1.2.1.

Repair and Refurbishment

2.2.4.1.2.2.

Remanufacturing

2.2.4.1.2.3.

Sharing Economy

2.2.4.1.3.

Material Recovery

2.2.4.1.3.1.

Recycling Technologies

2.2.4.1.3.2.

Quality Preservation

2.2.4.2.

Industrial Symbiosis

2.2.4.2.1.

By-product Utilization

2.2.4.2.1.1.

Waste-to-Energy

2.2.4.2.1.2.

Material Exchanges

2.2.4.2.2.

Shared Infrastructure

2.2.4.2.2.1.

Utility Sharing

2.2.4.2.2.2.

Transportation Networks

2.2.5.

Energy Management Systems

2.2.5.1.

ISO 50001 Implementation

2.2.5.2.

Energy Monitoring and Targeting

2.2.5.3.

Continuous Improvement

2.3.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)

2.3.1.

Point Source Capture

2.3.1.1.

Pre-combustion

2.3.1.1.1.

Gasification Processes

2.3.1.1.2.

Hydrogen Production

2.3.1.1.3.

Fuel Gas Decarbonization

2.3.1.2.

2.3.1.2.1.

2.3.1.2.2.

2.3.1.2.3.

2.3.1.3.

2.3.1.3.1.

2.3.1.3.2.

2.3.1.3.3.

2.3.2.

Carbon Utilization (CCU)

2.3.2.1.

Enhanced Oil Recovery

2.3.2.1.1.

CO2 Injection Techniques

2.3.2.1.2.

2.3.2.1.3.

2.3.2.2.

2.3.2.2.1.

2.3.2.2.2.

2.3.2.2.3.

Polymers and Plastics

2.3.2.3.

2.3.2.3.1.

2.3.2.3.2.

2.3.2.3.3.

2.3.3.

Carbon Storage (Sequestration)

2.3.3.1.

Geological Sequestration

2.3.3.1.1.

Saline Aquifers

2.3.3.1.1.1.

Site Characterization

2.3.3.1.1.2.

Injection Strategies

2.3.3.1.1.3.

Long-term Monitoring

2.3.3.1.2.

Depleted Oil and Gas Fields

2.3.3.1.2.1.

Reservoir Properties

2.3.3.1.2.2.

Infrastructure Reuse

2.3.3.1.2.3.

Enhanced Recovery

2.3.3.1.3.

Unmineable Coal Seams

2.3.3.1.3.1.

Methane Recovery

2.3.3.1.3.2.

Adsorption Mechanisms

2.3.3.2.

Mineral Carbonation

2.3.3.2.1.

Natural Processes

2.3.3.2.1.1.

Weathering Enhancement

2.3.3.2.1.2.

2.3.3.2.2.

2.3.3.2.2.1.

2.3.3.2.2.2.

2.3.4.

Transport and Infrastructure

2.3.4.1.

CO2 Pipeline Networks

2.3.4.2.

Shipping and Storage

2.3.4.3.

Hub Development

2.4.

Transportation Sector Innovations

2.4.1.

Electrification of Transport

2.4.1.1.

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

2.4.1.1.1.

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

2.4.1.1.1.1.

Passenger Cars

2.4.1.1.1.2.

Commercial Vehicles

2.4.1.1.1.3.

Buses and Transit

2.4.1.1.2.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

2.4.1.1.2.1.

Range Extension

2.4.1.1.2.2.

Fuel Efficiency

2.4.1.1.2.3.

Grid Integration

2.4.1.1.3.

Electric Two-Wheelers

2.4.1.1.3.1.

Motorcycles and Scooters

2.4.1.1.3.2.

E-bikes

2.4.1.2.

Charging Infrastructure

2.4.1.2.1.

Public Charging Networks

2.4.1.2.1.1.

Fast Charging Stations

2.4.1.2.1.2.

Destination Charging

2.4.1.2.1.3.

Highway Corridors

2.4.1.2.2.

Home and Workplace Charging

2.4.1.2.2.1.

Level 1 Charging

2.4.1.2.2.2.

Level 2 Charging

2.4.1.2.2.3.

Smart Charging Systems

2.4.1.2.3.

Grid Integration

2.4.1.2.3.1.

Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

2.4.1.2.3.2.

Load Management

2.4.2.

Sustainable Fuels

2.4.2.1.

Biofuels

2.4.2.1.1.

First-Generation Biofuels

2.4.2.1.1.1.

Ethanol from Corn

2.4.2.1.1.2.

Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

2.4.2.1.2.

2.4.2.1.2.1.

2.4.2.1.2.2.

2.4.2.1.2.3.

2.4.2.2.

2.4.2.2.1.

2.4.2.2.1.1.

2.4.2.2.1.2.

2.4.2.2.1.3.

2.4.2.2.2.

Hydrogen Production Pathways

2.4.2.2.2.1.

Electrolysis

2.4.2.2.2.2.

Steam Methane Reforming

2.4.2.2.2.3.

Biomass Gasification

2.4.2.2.3.

Hydrogen Infrastructure

2.4.2.2.3.1.

Refueling Stations

2.4.2.2.3.2.

Distribution Networks

2.4.2.3.

Synthetic Fuels (e-fuels)

2.4.2.3.1.

Power-to-Liquid Technologies

2.4.2.3.1.1.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

2.4.2.3.1.2.

Methanol-to-Gasoline

2.4.2.3.2.

Sustainable Aviation Fuels

2.4.2.3.2.1.

Drop-in Fuels

2.4.2.3.2.2.

Certification Standards

2.4.3.

Improving Transportation Efficiency

2.4.3.1.

Fuel Economy Standards

2.4.3.1.1.

Corporate Average Fuel Economy

2.4.3.1.2.

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Standards

2.4.3.1.3.

International Standards

2.4.3.2.

Aerodynamic Designs

2.4.3.2.1.

Vehicle Shape Optimization

2.4.3.2.2.

Active Aerodynamics

2.4.3.2.3.

Drag Reduction Technologies

2.4.3.3.

Lightweight Materials

2.4.3.3.1.

Advanced High-Strength Steel

2.4.3.3.2.

Aluminum Alloys

2.4.3.3.3.

Carbon Fiber Composites

2.4.3.4.

Engine Technologies

2.4.3.4.1.

Turbocharging

2.4.3.4.2.

Direct Injection

2.4.3.4.3.

Variable Valve Timing

2.4.4.

Shifting Transport Modes

2.4.4.1.

Public Transportation Expansion

2.4.4.1.1.

Bus Rapid Transit

2.4.4.1.1.1.

Dedicated Lanes

2.4.4.1.1.2.

Station Design

2.4.4.1.1.3.

Fleet Electrification

2.4.4.1.2.

2.4.4.1.2.1.

2.4.4.1.2.2.

2.4.4.1.2.3.

2.4.4.1.3.

Integration and Connectivity

2.4.4.1.3.1.

2.4.4.1.3.2.

2.4.4.2.

2.4.4.2.1.

2.4.4.2.1.1.

Dedicated High-Speed Lines

2.4.4.2.1.2.

Upgraded Conventional Lines

2.4.4.2.2.

Regional Rail

2.4.4.2.2.1.

Electrification

2.4.4.2.2.2.

Frequency Improvements

2.4.4.2.3.

Modal Shift from Aviation

2.4.4.2.3.1.

Competitive Journey Times

2.4.4.2.3.2.

Service Quality

2.4.4.3.

Active Transport

2.4.4.3.1.

Cycling Infrastructure

2.4.4.3.1.1.

Protected Bike Lanes

2.4.4.3.1.2.

Bike Sharing Systems

2.4.4.3.1.3.

Parking Facilities

2.4.4.3.2.

Pedestrian-Friendly Design

2.4.4.3.2.1.

Walkable Neighborhoods

2.4.4.3.2.2.

2.4.4.3.2.3.

2.4.4.4.

2.4.4.4.1.

2.4.4.4.2.

2.4.4.4.3.

Last-Mile Delivery Solutions

2.4.5.

Sustainable Urban Planning

2.4.5.1.

Transit-Oriented Development

2.4.5.1.1.

High-Density Development

2.4.5.1.2.

Mixed-Use Communities

2.4.5.1.3.

Parking Management

2.4.5.2.

Mixed-Use Zoning

2.4.5.2.1.

Residential-Commercial Integration

2.4.5.2.2.

Reduced Travel Demand

2.4.5.2.3.

Complete Communities

2.4.5.3.

Reducing Urban Sprawl

2.4.5.3.1.

Urban Growth Boundaries

2.4.5.3.2.

Infill Development

2.4.5.3.3.

Brownfield Redevelopment

2.4.6.

Digital Solutions

2.4.6.1.

Intelligent Transportation Systems

2.4.6.2.

Mobility as a Service

2.4.6.3.

Route Optimization

2.5.

Buildings and Construction Sector

2.5.1.

Green Building Design

2.5.1.1.

Passive Design Strategies

2.5.1.1.1.

Orientation and Shading

2.5.1.1.1.1.

Solar Orientation

2.5.1.1.1.2.

Window Placement

2.5.1.1.1.3.

Overhangs and Awnings

2.5.1.1.2.

2.5.1.1.2.1.

2.5.1.1.2.2.

2.5.1.1.2.3.

2.5.1.1.3.

2.5.1.1.3.1.

2.5.1.1.3.2.

2.5.1.1.3.3.

2.5.1.2.

Net-Zero Energy Buildings

2.5.1.2.1.

Onsite Renewable Generation

2.5.1.2.1.1.

Rooftop Solar

2.5.1.2.1.2.

Small Wind Systems

2.5.1.2.1.3.

Geothermal Systems

2.5.1.2.2.

Energy Demand Reduction

2.5.1.2.2.1.

High-Performance Envelope

2.5.1.2.2.2.

Efficient Systems

2.5.1.2.2.3.

Smart Controls

2.5.1.3.

Green Building Certification

2.5.1.3.1.

LEED Certification

2.5.1.3.2.

BREEAM Standards

2.5.1.3.3.

Living Building Challenge

2.5.2.

Energy-Efficient Systems

2.5.2.1.

High-Efficiency HVAC

2.5.2.1.1.

Heat Pumps

2.5.2.1.1.1.

Air Source Heat Pumps

2.5.2.1.1.2.

Ground Source Heat Pumps

2.5.2.1.1.3.

Water Source Heat Pumps

2.5.2.1.2.

Smart Thermostats

2.5.2.1.2.1.

Programmable Controls

2.5.2.1.2.2.

Learning Algorithms

2.5.2.1.2.3.

Remote Access

2.5.2.1.3.

Ventilation Systems

2.5.2.1.3.1.

Heat Recovery Ventilation

2.5.2.1.3.2.

Demand-Controlled Ventilation

2.5.2.2.

2.5.2.2.1.

2.5.2.2.1.1.

2.5.2.2.1.2.

2.5.2.2.1.3.

2.5.2.2.2.

2.5.2.2.3.

2.5.2.3.

Smart Building Controls

2.5.2.3.1.

Building Automation Systems

2.5.2.3.1.1.

Integrated Controls

2.5.2.3.1.2.

Energy Management

2.5.2.3.1.3.

Predictive Maintenance

2.5.2.3.2.

Internet of Things Integration

2.5.2.3.3.

Artificial Intelligence Applications

2.5.3.

Sustainable and Low-Carbon Building Materials

2.5.3.1.

Mass Timber

2.5.3.1.1.

Cross-Laminated Timber

2.5.3.1.1.1.

Structural Applications

2.5.3.1.1.2.

Fire Safety

2.5.3.1.1.3.

Seismic Performance

2.5.3.1.2.

Glue-Laminated Timber

2.5.3.1.3.

Nail-Laminated Timber

2.5.3.2.

2.5.3.2.1.

2.5.3.2.1.1.

2.5.3.2.1.2.

2.5.3.2.1.3.

2.5.3.2.2.

Carbon-Cured Concrete

2.5.3.2.2.1.

2.5.3.2.2.2.

2.5.3.2.3.

2.5.3.3.

2.5.3.3.1.

2.5.3.3.1.1.

2.5.3.3.1.2.

2.5.3.3.2.

Recycled Glass and Plastics

2.5.3.3.2.1.

2.5.3.3.2.2.

2.5.3.4.

2.5.3.4.1.

2.5.3.4.2.

2.5.3.4.3.

2.5.4.

Building Retrofitting

2.5.4.1.

Insulation Upgrades

2.5.4.1.1.

Wall Insulation

2.5.4.1.2.

Roof Insulation

2.5.4.1.3.

Foundation Insulation

2.5.4.2.

Window and Door Replacement

2.5.4.2.1.

High-Performance Windows

2.5.4.2.2.

2.5.4.2.3.

2.5.4.3.

2.5.4.3.1.

2.5.4.3.2.

2.5.4.3.3.

2.5.4.4.

2.5.4.4.1.

2.5.4.4.2.

2.5.4.4.3.

Water Heating Systems

2.5.5.

Construction Practices

2.5.5.1.

Prefabrication and Modular Construction

2.5.5.2.

Waste Reduction

2.5.5.3.

Sustainable Site Management

2.6.

Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU)

2.6.1.

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2.6.1.1.

Reduced Methane Emissions from Livestock

2.6.1.1.1.

Feed Additives

2.6.1.1.1.1.

Methane Inhibitors

2.6.1.1.1.2.

Improved Digestibility

2.6.1.1.2.

Improved Grazing Management

2.6.1.1.2.1.

Rotational Grazing

2.6.1.1.2.2.

Pasture Improvement

2.6.1.1.3.

Breeding and Genetics

2.6.1.1.3.1.

Low-Emission Breeds

2.6.1.1.3.2.

Genetic Selection

2.6.1.2.

Precision Agriculture

2.6.1.2.1.

2.6.1.2.1.1.

2.6.1.2.1.2.

2.6.1.2.1.3.

2.6.1.2.2.

Variable Rate Technology

2.6.1.2.2.1.

Fertilizer Application

2.6.1.2.2.2.

Seeding Rates

2.6.1.2.2.3.

Pesticide Application

2.6.1.2.3.

GPS-Guided Equipment

2.6.1.2.3.1.

Auto-Steering Systems

2.6.1.2.3.2.

Field Mapping

2.6.1.3.

Agroforestry

2.6.1.3.1.

Integrated Tree-Crop Systems

2.6.1.3.1.1.

Alley Cropping

2.6.1.3.1.2.

Silvopasture

2.6.1.3.1.3.

Forest Farming

2.6.1.3.2.

Windbreaks and Shelterbelts

2.6.1.3.3.

Riparian Buffers

2.6.1.4.

Improved Manure Management

2.6.1.4.1.

2.6.1.4.1.1.

2.6.1.4.1.2.

2.6.1.4.2.

2.6.1.4.2.1.

2.6.1.4.2.2.

2.6.1.4.3.

Nutrient Management Planning

2.6.2.

Soil Carbon Sequestration

2.6.2.1.

2.6.2.1.1.

2.6.2.1.2.

2.6.2.1.3.

2.6.2.2.

2.6.2.2.1.

2.6.2.2.2.

2.6.2.2.3.

2.6.2.3.

2.6.2.3.1.

2.6.2.3.2.

2.6.2.3.3.

2.6.2.4.

Organic Matter Addition

2.6.2.4.1.

Compost Application

2.6.2.4.2.

Biochar

2.6.2.4.3.

Crop Residues

2.6.3.

Halting Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

2.6.3.1.

Monitoring and Verification

2.6.3.1.1.

Satellite Monitoring

2.6.3.1.2.

Ground-Based Measurements

2.6.3.1.3.

Community Monitoring

2.6.3.2.

Incentive Mechanisms

2.6.3.2.1.

Payment for Ecosystem Services

2.6.3.2.2.

Carbon Credits

2.6.3.2.3.

Sustainable Financing

2.6.3.3.

Governance and Enforcement

2.6.3.3.1.

Forest Law Enforcement

2.6.3.3.2.

Land Tenure Security

2.6.3.3.3.

Anti-Corruption Measures

2.6.4.

Afforestation and Reforestation

2.6.4.1.

Site Selection

2.6.4.1.1.

Degraded Land Restoration

2.6.4.1.2.

Marginal Agricultural Land

2.6.4.1.3.

Urban Forestry

2.6.4.2.

Native Species Planting

2.6.4.2.1.

Ecosystem Restoration

2.6.4.2.2.

Biodiversity Conservation

2.6.4.2.3.

Climate Adaptation

2.6.4.3.

Plantation Management

2.6.4.3.1.

Sustainable Harvesting

2.6.4.3.2.

Multiple Use Forestry

2.6.4.3.3.

Community Forestry

2.6.5.

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (Blue Carbon)

2.6.5.1.

2.6.5.1.1.

2.6.5.1.2.

2.6.5.1.3.

2.6.5.2.

Seagrass and Salt Marsh Conservation

2.6.5.2.1.

Habitat Protection

2.6.5.2.2.

Restoration Techniques

2.6.5.2.3.

Water Quality Management

2.6.5.3.

Carbon Sequestration Potential

2.6.5.3.1.

Measurement Methods

2.6.5.3.2.

Storage Capacity

2.6.5.3.3.

Permanence Factors

2.6.6.

Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

2.6.6.1.

Ecosystem-Based Management

2.6.6.2.

Aquaculture Expansion

2.6.6.3.

Fishing Gear Improvements

2.7.

Waste Management Solutions

2.7.1.

Reducing Methane from Landfills

2.7.1.1.

Landfill Gas Capture

2.7.1.1.1.

Gas Collection Systems

2.7.1.1.2.

Flaring Systems

2.7.1.1.3.

Energy Recovery

2.7.1.2.

Composting and Anaerobic Digestion

2.7.1.2.1.

Organic Waste Diversion

2.7.1.2.2.

Biogas Production

2.7.1.2.3.

Compost Quality

2.7.1.3.

Landfill Design Improvements

2.7.1.3.1.

Liner Systems

2.7.1.3.2.

Cover Systems

2.7.1.3.3.

Leachate Management

2.7.2.

Waste Reduction and Diversion

2.7.2.1.

2.7.2.1.1.

2.7.2.1.2.

2.7.2.1.3.

2.7.2.2.

2.7.2.2.1.

Material Recovery Facilities

2.7.2.2.2.

Single-Stream Recycling

2.7.2.2.3.

Specialty Recycling

2.7.2.3.

Extended Producer Responsibility

2.7.2.3.1.

Product Stewardship

2.7.2.3.2.

Take-Back Programs

2.7.2.3.3.

Design for Recycling

2.7.3.

Wastewater Treatment Improvements

2.7.3.1.

Energy-Efficient Treatment Technologies

2.7.3.1.1.

Membrane Bioreactors

2.7.3.1.2.

Advanced Oxidation

2.7.3.1.3.

Biological Nutrient Removal

2.7.3.2.

Nutrient Recovery

2.7.3.2.1.

Phosphorus Recovery

2.7.3.2.2.

Nitrogen Recovery

2.7.3.2.3.

Struvite Precipitation

2.7.3.3.

Energy Recovery

2.7.3.3.1.

Biogas from Sludge

2.7.3.3.2.

Heat Recovery

2.7.3.3.3.

Hydroelectric Generation

2.7.4.

Circular Economy in Waste Management

2.7.4.1.

Waste-to-Energy Technologies

2.7.4.2.

Material Flow Analysis

2.7.4.3.

Industrial Ecology

1. Foundational Concepts

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3. Adaptation Strategies: Building Resilience to Climate Impacts