Categorical Data Analysis

2.

Descriptive Analysis of Categorical Data

2.1.

Frequency Distributions

2.1.1.

Absolute Frequencies

2.1.1.1.

2.1.1.2.

Construction Methods

2.1.2.

Relative Frequencies

2.1.2.1.

2.1.2.2.

2.1.2.3.

Calculation Methods

2.1.3.

Cumulative Frequencies

2.1.3.1.

Application to Ordinal Data

2.1.3.2.

Cumulative Proportions

2.1.3.3.

Cumulative Percentages

2.2.

Cross-Tabulation

2.2.1.

2.2.1.1.

Joint Frequencies

2.2.1.2.

Marginal Totals

2.2.1.3.

Construction Principles

2.2.2.

Multi-Way Tables

2.2.2.1.

Three-Way Tables

2.2.2.2.

Higher-Dimensional Tables

2.2.2.3.

Interpretation Challenges

2.3.

Graphical Representation

2.3.1.

2.3.1.1.

Simple Bar Charts

2.3.1.2.

Grouped Bar Charts

2.3.1.3.

Stacked Bar Charts

2.3.1.4.

Construction and Interpretation

2.3.2.

2.3.2.1.

Construction Methods

2.3.2.2.

Interpretation Guidelines

2.3.2.3.

Limitations and Alternatives

2.3.3.

2.3.3.1.

Construction Principles

2.3.3.2.

Area Representation

2.3.3.3.

Interpretation Methods

2.3.4.

2.3.4.1.

Cleveland Dot Plots

2.3.4.2.

Comparative Dot Plots

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1. Foundations of Categorical Data

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3. Probability Foundations for Categorical Data