Behavioral Neuroscience

11.

Emotion and Motivation

11.1.

Theories of Emotion

11.1.1.

James-Lange Theory

11.1.1.1.

Peripheral Feedback

11.1.1.2.

11.1.2.

Cannon-Bard Theory

11.1.2.1.

Central Processing

11.1.2.2.

Simultaneous Responses

11.1.3.

Schachter-Singer Theory

11.1.3.1.

Cognitive Appraisal

11.1.3.2.

Two-Factor Model

11.1.4.

Contemporary Theories

11.1.4.1.

11.1.4.2.

Dimensional Models

11.1.4.3.

Constructionist Approaches

11.2.

Neural Circuits of Emotion

11.2.1.

11.2.1.1.

Amygdala Nuclei

11.2.1.2.

Fear Conditioning

11.2.1.3.

Threat Detection

11.2.1.4.

Emotional Memory

11.2.2.

Prefrontal Cortex

11.2.2.1.

Orbitofrontal Cortex

11.2.2.2.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

11.2.2.3.

Emotion Regulation

11.2.3.

11.2.3.1.

Emotional Expression

11.2.3.2.

Autonomic Responses

11.2.3.3.

Hormonal Responses

11.2.4.

11.2.4.1.

11.2.4.2.

Cingulate Cortex

11.2.4.3.

11.3.

Fear and Anxiety

11.3.1.

Fear Conditioning

11.3.1.1.

Classical Conditioning

11.3.1.2.

Extinction Learning

11.3.1.3.

11.3.2.

Anxiety Disorders

11.3.2.1.

Generalized Anxiety

11.3.2.2.

11.3.2.3.

11.3.2.4.

11.3.3.

Neural Mechanisms

11.3.3.1.

Amygdala Circuits

11.3.3.2.

Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis

11.3.3.3.

Periaqueductal Gray

11.3.4.

Stress Response

11.3.4.1.

11.3.4.2.

Sympathetic Activation

11.3.4.3.

Behavioral Responses

11.4.

Reward and Motivation

11.4.1.

11.4.1.1.

Mesolimbic Dopamine System

11.4.1.2.

Ventral Tegmental Area

11.4.1.3.

Nucleus Accumbens

11.4.2.

Dopamine and Reward

11.4.2.1.

Reward Prediction Error

11.4.2.2.

Incentive Salience

11.4.2.3.

Wanting vs Liking

11.4.3.

Motivational States

11.4.3.1.

Drive Reduction

11.4.3.2.

Incentive Motivation

11.4.3.3.

Goal-Directed Behavior

11.4.4.

Addiction Mechanisms

11.4.4.1.

11.4.4.2.

Tolerance and Sensitization

11.4.4.3.

Withdrawal and Craving

11.5.

11.5.1.

Types of Aggression

11.5.1.1.

Defensive Aggression

11.5.1.2.

Predatory Aggression

11.5.1.3.

Social Aggression

11.5.2.

Neural Mechanisms

11.5.2.1.

Hypothalamic Attack Area

11.5.2.2.

Periaqueductal Gray

11.5.2.3.

11.5.3.

Hormonal Influences

11.5.3.1.

11.5.3.2.

11.5.3.3.

11.5.4.

Environmental Factors

11.5.4.1.

11.5.4.2.

Resource Competition

11.5.4.3.

Early Experience

11.6.

Social Emotions

11.6.1.

11.6.1.1.

Mirror Neuron System

11.6.1.2.

Emotional Contagion

11.6.1.3.

Perspective Taking

11.6.2.

Social Attachment

11.6.2.1.

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

11.6.2.2.

Bonding Mechanisms

11.6.2.3.

Social Recognition

11.6.3.

11.6.3.1.

Guilt and Shame

11.6.3.2.

11.6.3.3.

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