Atmospheric Chemistry

9.

Climate-Chemistry Interactions

9.1.

Greenhouse Effect

9.1.1.

Radiative Balance

9.1.2.

Natural Greenhouse Effect

9.1.3.

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

9.1.4.

Radiative Forcing Concept

9.2.

Greenhouse Gases

9.2.1.

9.2.1.1.

Absorption Spectrum

9.2.1.2.

Radiative Efficiency

9.2.1.3.

Atmospheric Lifetime

9.2.2.

9.2.2.1.

Absorption Features

9.2.2.2.

Indirect Effects

9.2.2.3.

Atmospheric Chemistry

9.2.3.

9.2.3.1.

Radiative Properties

9.2.3.2.

Stratospheric Chemistry

9.2.4.

9.2.4.1.

Absorption Windows

9.2.4.2.

Ozone Depletion Potential

9.2.4.3.

Global Warming Potential

9.2.5.

9.2.5.1.

Tropospheric vs Stratospheric

9.2.5.2.

Radiative Effects

9.2.5.3.

Distribution Changes

9.3.

Chemical Feedbacks

9.3.1.

Water Vapor Feedback

9.3.1.1.

Temperature Dependence

9.3.1.2.

Chemical Implications

9.3.2.

Oxidant Changes

9.3.2.1.

OH Radical Trends

9.3.2.2.

9.3.2.3.

Aerosol Interactions

9.3.3.

Biosphere Feedbacks

9.3.3.1.

Vegetation Responses

9.3.3.2.

9.3.3.3.

9.4.

Aerosol-Climate Interactions

9.4.1.

Direct Radiative Effects

9.4.1.1.

Scattering and Absorption

9.4.1.2.

Anthropogenic Forcing

9.4.2.

Indirect Effects

9.4.2.1.

Cloud Condensation Nuclei

9.4.2.2.

Cloud Albedo Effect

9.4.2.3.

Cloud Lifetime Effect

9.4.3.

Semi-Direct Effects

9.4.3.1.

Absorption Heating

9.4.3.2.

Cloud Evaporation

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10. Measurement Techniques