Arduino Motor Control

  1. Controlling DC Motors
    1. Brushed DC Motor Principles
      1. Internal Construction
        1. Stator Components
          1. Rotor (Armature) Design
            1. Commutator Function
              1. Brush System
              2. Operating Principles
                1. Electromagnetic Forces
                  1. Commutation Process
                    1. Speed-Torque Characteristics
                      1. Back EMF Generation
                      2. Motor Characteristics
                        1. Advantages
                          1. Simple Control
                            1. High Starting Torque
                              1. Variable Speed
                                1. Reversible Operation
                                2. Disadvantages
                                  1. Brush Wear
                                    1. Maintenance Requirements
                                      1. Electrical Noise
                                        1. Limited Lifespan
                                      2. Application Areas
                                        1. Robotics
                                          1. Automotive
                                            1. Industrial Equipment
                                              1. Consumer Electronics
                                            2. Basic Motor Control
                                              1. Simple On/Off Control
                                                1. Direct Arduino Control Limitations
                                                  1. Current Requirements
                                                    1. Voltage Considerations
                                                    2. Transistor Switching
                                                      1. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
                                                        1. NPN Transistor Operation
                                                          1. TIP120 Darlington
                                                            1. Base Current Calculation
                                                              1. Saturation and Cutoff
                                                              2. Field Effect Transistors (FET)
                                                                1. MOSFET Operation
                                                                  1. N-Channel MOSFETs
                                                                    1. P-Channel MOSFETs
                                                                      1. Gate Drive Requirements
                                                                        1. Switching Characteristics
                                                                      2. Protection Circuits
                                                                        1. Flyback Diode
                                                                          1. Inductive Kickback
                                                                            1. Diode Selection
                                                                              1. Placement Considerations
                                                                                1. Fast Recovery Diodes
                                                                                2. Current Limiting
                                                                                  1. Thermal Protection
                                                                                3. Bidirectional Control
                                                                                  1. H-Bridge Theory
                                                                                    1. Four-Quadrant Operation
                                                                                      1. Switch Configuration
                                                                                        1. Current Flow Paths
                                                                                          1. Shoot-Through Prevention
                                                                                          2. H-Bridge Truth Table
                                                                                            1. Forward Operation
                                                                                              1. Reverse Operation
                                                                                                1. Brake Modes
                                                                                                  1. Coast Mode
                                                                                                  2. Integrated H-Bridge Drivers
                                                                                                    1. L298N Motor Driver
                                                                                                      1. Pin Configuration
                                                                                                        1. Current Ratings
                                                                                                          1. Voltage Specifications
                                                                                                            1. Heat Dissipation
                                                                                                              1. Enable Pin Function
                                                                                                              2. L293D Motor Driver
                                                                                                                1. Pin Configuration
                                                                                                                  1. Current Ratings
                                                                                                                    1. Voltage Specifications
                                                                                                                      1. Dual Motor Capability
                                                                                                                      2. Other Common Drivers
                                                                                                                        1. DRV8833
                                                                                                                          1. TB6612FNG
                                                                                                                            1. VNH5019
                                                                                                                          2. Wiring Configurations
                                                                                                                            1. Power Connections
                                                                                                                              1. Motor Power Supply
                                                                                                                                1. Logic Power Supply
                                                                                                                                  1. Ground Connections
                                                                                                                                  2. Signal Connections
                                                                                                                                    1. Direction Control Pins
                                                                                                                                      1. Enable/Speed Control Pins
                                                                                                                                        1. Arduino Interface
                                                                                                                                      2. Programming Direction Control
                                                                                                                                        1. Direction Pin Control
                                                                                                                                          1. Forward Motion Implementation
                                                                                                                                            1. Reverse Motion Implementation
                                                                                                                                              1. Stop and Brake Functions
                                                                                                                                            2. Speed Control Implementation
                                                                                                                                              1. PWM Speed Control
                                                                                                                                                1. PWM Principles for Motors
                                                                                                                                                  1. Enable Pin PWM
                                                                                                                                                    1. Speed-PWM Relationship
                                                                                                                                                      1. PWM Frequency Effects
                                                                                                                                                      2. Arduino PWM Implementation
                                                                                                                                                        1. analogWrite() Function
                                                                                                                                                          1. PWM Value Range (0-255)
                                                                                                                                                            1. PWM Pin Selection
                                                                                                                                                              1. Frequency Considerations
                                                                                                                                                              2. Speed Mapping and Scaling
                                                                                                                                                                1. Input Value Scaling
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dead Zone Compensation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Linear vs Non-linear Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                      1. User Interface Integration
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Advanced Speed Control
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Acceleration Control
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Deceleration Control
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Speed Ramping
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Smooth Speed Transitions

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                                                                                                                                                                          3. Arduino Programming Fundamentals

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                                                                                                                                                                          5. Controlling Servo Motors