Accounting

8.

Managerial and Cost Accounting

8.1.

Introduction to Managerial Accounting

8.1.1.

Contrasting with Financial Accounting

8.1.1.1.

Users and Purposes

8.1.1.2.

Reporting Frequency and Detail

8.1.1.3.

Regulatory Requirements

8.1.2.

Management Functions

8.1.2.1.

8.1.2.2.

8.1.2.3.

8.1.2.4.

Decision Making

8.1.3.

Value Chain Analysis

8.2.

Cost Concepts and Classifications

8.2.1.

Manufacturing Costs

8.2.1.1.

Direct Materials

8.2.1.2.

8.2.1.3.

Manufacturing Overhead

8.2.1.3.1.

Indirect Materials

8.2.1.3.2.

8.2.1.3.3.

Factory Utilities

8.2.1.3.4.

Factory Depreciation

8.2.1.3.5.

Other Overhead Costs

8.2.2.

Product Costs vs. Period Costs

8.2.3.

8.2.3.1.

8.2.3.2.

8.2.3.3.

8.2.3.4.

8.2.3.5.

8.2.4.

Relevant and Irrelevant Costs

8.2.5.

Sunk Costs and Opportunity Costs

8.2.6.

Differential Costs

8.3.

Job Order Costing

8.3.1.

Applicability and Cost Flows

8.3.2.

Job Cost Sheets

8.3.3.

Assigning Manufacturing Costs to Jobs

8.3.3.1.

Direct Materials Assignment

8.3.3.2.

Direct Labor Assignment

8.3.3.3.

Predetermined Overhead Rate

8.3.3.4.

Overhead Application

8.3.4.

Accounting for Over- and Underapplied Overhead

8.3.5.

Job Order Costing in Service Companies

8.4.

Process Costing

8.4.1.

Applicability and Cost Flows

8.4.2.

Equivalent Units of Production

8.4.3.

Cost Allocation Methods

8.4.3.1.

Weighted-Average Method

8.4.3.2.

8.4.4.

Production Cost Report

8.4.5.

Process Costing in Multiple Departments

8.5.

Activity-Based Costing (ABC)

8.5.1.

Traditional vs. Activity-Based Costing

8.5.2.

8.5.3.

Activity Cost Pools

8.5.4.

ABC Implementation

8.6.

Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis

8.6.1.

Contribution Margin

8.6.1.1.

Contribution Margin per Unit

8.6.1.2.

Contribution Margin Ratio

8.6.2.

Break-Even Analysis

8.6.2.1.

Break-Even Point in Units

8.6.2.2.

Break-Even Point in Dollars

8.6.3.

Target Net Income

8.6.4.

Margin of Safety

8.6.5.

Operating Leverage

8.6.6.

CVP Analysis Assumptions

8.7.

Budgeting and Planning

8.7.1.

The Master Budget

8.7.1.1.

Operating Budgets

8.7.1.1.1.

8.7.1.1.2.

Production Budget

8.7.1.1.3.

Direct Materials Budget

8.7.1.1.4.

Direct Labor Budget

8.7.1.1.5.

Manufacturing Overhead Budget

8.7.1.1.6.

Selling and Administrative Expense Budget

8.7.1.1.7.

Budgeted Income Statement

8.7.1.2.

Financial Budgets

8.7.1.2.1.

8.7.1.2.2.

Budgeted Balance Sheet

8.7.1.2.3.

Capital Expenditure Budget

8.7.2.

Budgetary Control and Variance Analysis

8.7.3.

Flexible Budgets

8.7.4.

Zero-Based Budgeting

8.8.

Standard Costs and Variance Analysis

8.8.1.

Setting Standard Costs

8.8.1.1.

Ideal vs. Normal Standards

8.8.1.2.

Standard Cost Card

8.8.2.

Material Variances

8.8.2.1.

8.8.2.2.

Quantity Variance

8.8.2.3.

Total Material Variance

8.8.3.

Labor Variances

8.8.3.1.

8.8.3.2.

Efficiency Variance

8.8.3.3.

Total Labor Variance

8.8.4.

Overhead Variances

8.8.4.1.

Variable Overhead Variance

8.8.4.2.

Fixed Overhead Variance

8.8.4.3.

Overhead Volume Variance

8.8.5.

Variance Investigation

8.9.

Performance Measurement

8.9.1.

Responsibility Accounting

8.9.1.1.

8.9.1.2.

8.9.1.3.

Investment Centers

8.9.2.

Return on Investment (ROI)

8.9.3.

Residual Income

8.9.4.

Economic Value Added (EVA)

8.9.5.

Balanced Scorecard

8.9.5.1.

Financial Perspective

8.9.5.2.

Customer Perspective

8.9.5.3.

Internal Business Process Perspective

8.9.5.4.

Learning and Growth Perspective

8.10.

Relevant Costs for Decision Making

8.10.1.

Make or Buy Decisions

8.10.2.

Special Order Decisions

8.10.3.

Sell or Process Further Decisions

8.10.4.

Equipment Replacement Decisions

8.10.5.

Product Line Decisions

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