Personality Psychology

1. Development of Personality
   1. Nature vs. Nurture Debate
      1. Historical Perspectives
         1. Early Philosophical Views
         2. Influence of Behaviorism
      2. Modern Understanding
         1. Genetic Contributions
            1. Heritability Studies
            2. Twin and Adoption Studies
         2. Environmental Contributions
            1. Family Environment
            2. Cultural Influences
      3. Interaction of Genetics and Environment
         1. Gene-Environment Interaction
         2. Epigenetics
   2. Temperament and Personality in Infancy
      1. Definitions and Distinctions
      2. Dimensions of Temperament
         1. Activity Level
         2. Emotional Reactivity
         3. Mood
         4. Self-Regulation
      3. Early Assessment of Temperament
         1. Parent Reports
         2. Observational Methods
      4. Longitudinal Studies on Temperament and Personality Development
   3. Personality Stability and Change Over Lifespan
      1. Childhood to Adolescence
         1. Development of Self-Concept
         2. Role of Socialization and Education
      2. Adulthood
         1. Personality Maturation
         2. Selective Stability and Adaptation
      3. Aging and Late Adulthood
         1. Personality Continuity and Transformation
         2. Growing Importance of Life Reviews
   4. Influence of Parenting and Family Dynamics
      1. Parenting Styles
         1. Authoritative
         2. Authoritarian
         3. Permissive
         4. Uninvolved
      2. Family Structure and Birth Order
      3. Impact of Divorce and Parental Conflict
      4. Attachment Theory and Personality
         1. Secure and Insecure Attachments
   5. Peer and Environmental Influences
      1. Peer Group and Friendship
         1. Peer Pressure and Conformity
         2. Development of Social Skills
      2. School Environment
         1. Teacher Influences
         2. Extracurricular Activities
      3. Neighborhood and Community Influences
         1. Socioeconomic Status
         2. Cultural and Ethnic Contexts
   6. Culture and Personality
      1. Cultural Variation in Personality Traits
         1. Collectivism vs. Individualism
         2. Power Distance and Its Effects
      2. Acculturation and Identity
         1. Bicultural Identity
         2. Cultural Mismatch and Stress
      3. Cross-Cultural Comparisons and Research Challenges