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Biology
Microbiology
Applied Microbiology
Medical Applications
Vaccines and Therapeutics
Vaccine development processes
Traditional vs. modern vaccine technologies
Use of adjuvants
Antibiotics development and challenges
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
New antibiotics discovery and development
Antiviral and antifungal drugs
Mechanism of action
Resistance management
Diagnostic Microbiology
Traditional diagnostic methods
Culture techniques
Biochemical tests
Molecular diagnostic techniques
PCR and its variations
Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Rapid diagnostic tests
Point-of-care testing
Biosensor technology
Industrial Applications
Fermentation Technology
Microorganisms used in fermentation
Yeast, bacteria, fungi
Industrial fermenters and bioreactors
Metabolic engineering for enhanced production
Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing
Production of bio-based chemicals
Alcohol, organic acids, enzymes
Scale-up processes and challenges
Quality control in biomanufacturing
Production of Biopolymers and Biomaterials
Biodegradable plastics
Biocompatible materials for medical use
Environmental Applications
Bioremediation
Microorganisms in soil and water decontamination
Biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques
Case studies of successful bioremediation projects
Wastewater Treatment
Biological treatment processes
Aerobic and anaerobic digestion
Role of microbes in nutrient removal
Development of sustainable and advanced treatment technologies
Microbial Fuel Cells
Principles and operation
Applications in energy production
Food Microbiology
Food Safety and Preservation
Microbial hazards in food
HACCP and other food safety management systems
Use of natural preservatives and antimicrobials
Fermented Foods
Traditional fermented foods
Dairy, vegetables, cereals, beverages
Role of starter cultures
Health benefits and probiotic functions
Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
Rapid detection methods
Genomic and proteomic tools for pathogen identification
Trends in food pathogen monitoring and control
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Genetic Modification and Synthetic Biology
Genetic modification of microorganisms
Synthetic biology applications in microbial engineering
Biomining and Bioleaching
Role of microbes in metal recovery
Advantages over traditional mining methods
6. Pathogenic Microbiology
First Page
8. Emerging Areas in Microbiology