Selberg's zeta function conjecture
In mathematics, the Selberg conjecture, named after Atle Selberg, is a theorem about the density of zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(1/2 + it). It is known that the function has infinitely many ze
Zeta function (operator)
The zeta function of a mathematical operator is a function defined as for those values of s where this expression exists, and as an analytic continuation of this function for other values of s. Here "
Witten zeta function
In mathematics, the Witten zeta function, is a function associated to a root system that encodes the degrees of the irreducible representations of the corresponding Lie group. These zeta functions wer
Ramanujan tau function
The Ramanujan tau function, studied by Ramanujan, is the function defined by the following identity: where q = exp(2πiz) with Im z > 0, is the Euler function, η is the Dedekind eta function, and the f
Waldspurger's theorem
In mathematics, Waldspurger's theorem, introduced by Jean-Loup Waldspurger, is a result that identifies Fourier coefficients of modular forms of half-integral weight k+1/2 with the value of an L-serie
Explicit formulae for L-functions
In mathematics, the explicit formulae for L-functions are relations between sums over the complex number zeroes of an L-function and sums over prime powers, introduced by for the Riemann zeta function
Hasse–Weil zeta function
In mathematics, the Hasse–Weil zeta function attached to an algebraic variety V defined over an algebraic number field K is a meromorphic function on the complex plane defined in terms of the number o
Special values of L-functions
In mathematics, the study of special values of L-functions is a subfield of number theory devoted to generalising formulae such as the Leibniz formula for pi, namely by the recognition that expression
Selberg class
In mathematics, the Selberg class is an axiomatic definition of a class of L-functions. The members of the class are Dirichlet series which obey four axioms that seem to capture the essential properti
Standard L-function
In mathematics, the term standard L-function refers to a particular type of automorphic L-function described by Robert P. Langlands.Here, standard refers to the finite-dimensional representation r bei
Hilbert–Pólya conjecture
In mathematics, the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture states that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function correspond to eigenvalues of a self-adjoint operator. It is a possible approach to the Riema
P-adic L-function
In mathematics, a p-adic zeta function, or more generally a p-adic L-function, is a function analogous to the Riemann zeta function, or more general L-functions, but whose domain and target are p-adic
Fekete polynomial
In mathematics, a Fekete polynomial is a polynomial where is the Legendre symbol modulo some integer p > 1. These polynomials were known in nineteenth-century studies of Dirichlet L-functions, and ind
Riesz mean
In mathematics, the Riesz mean is a certain mean of the terms in a series. They were introduced by Marcel Riesz in 1911 as an improvement over the Cesàro mean. The Riesz mean should not be confused wi
Dedekind zeta function
In mathematics, the Dedekind zeta function of an algebraic number field K, generally denoted ζK(s), is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function (which is obtained in the case where K is the field
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
In mathematics, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (often called the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) describes the set of rational solutions to equations defining an elliptic curve. It is an o
Dirichlet L-function
In mathematics, a Dirichlet L-series is a function of the form Here is a Dirichlet character and s a complex variable with real part greater than 1. By analytic continuation, this function can be exte
Ruelle zeta function
In mathematics, the Ruelle zeta function is a zeta function associated with a dynamical system. It is named after mathematical physicist David Ruelle.
Multiplication theorem
In mathematics, the multiplication theorem is a certain type of identity obeyed by many special functions related to the gamma function. For the explicit case of the gamma function, the identity is a
Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture
In mathematics, Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture is a conjecture made by Hugh Montgomery that the pair correlation between pairs of zeros of the Riemann zeta function (normalized to have unit
Igusa zeta function
In mathematics, an Igusa zeta function is a type of generating function, counting the number of solutions of an equation, modulo p, p2, p3, and so on.
Hecke character
In number theory, a Hecke character is a generalisation of a Dirichlet character, introduced by Erich Hecke to construct a class ofL-functions larger than Dirichlet L-functions, and a natural setting
Divisor function
In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetic function related to the divisors of an integer. When referred to as the divisor function, it counts the number of
Artin conductor
In mathematics, the Artin conductor is a number or ideal associated to a character of a Galois group of a local or global field, introduced by Emil Artin as an expression appearing in the functional e
Shimura variety
In number theory, a Shimura variety is a higher-dimensional analogue of a modular curve that arises as a quotient variety of a Hermitian symmetric space by a congruence subgroup of a reductive algebra
Dirichlet eta function
In mathematics, in the area of analytic number theory, the Dirichlet eta function is defined by the following Dirichlet series, which converges for any complex number having real part > 0: This Dirich
Riemann hypothesis
In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1/2. Many consider it to be
Dirichlet character
In analytic number theory and related branches of mathematics, a complex-valued arithmetic function is a Dirichlet character of modulus (where is a positive integer) if for all integers and : 1) i.e.
Apéry's theorem
In mathematics, Apéry's theorem is a result in number theory that states the Apéry's constant ζ(3) is irrational. That is, the number cannot be written as a fraction where p and q are integers. The th
Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture
In mathematics, the Ramanujan conjecture, due to Srinivasa Ramanujan , states that Ramanujan's tau function given by the Fourier coefficients τ(n) of the cusp form Δ(z) of weight 12 where , satisfies
Subgroup growth
In mathematics, subgroup growth is a branch of group theory, dealing with quantitative questions about subgroups of a given group. Let be a finitely generated group. Then, for each integer define to b
Apéry's constant
In mathematics, Apéry's constant is the sum of the reciprocals of the positive cubes. That is, it is defined as the number where ζ is the Riemann zeta function. It has an approximate value of ζ(3) = 1
Equivariant L-function
In algebraic number theory, an equivariant Artin L-function is a function associated to a finite Galois extension of global fields created by packaging together the various Artin L-functions associate
Weil conjectures
In mathematics, the Weil conjectures were highly influential proposals by André Weil. They led to a successful multi-decade program to prove them, in which many leading researchers developed the frame
Riemann–Siegel formula
In mathematics, the Riemann–Siegel formula is an asymptotic formula for the error of the approximate functional equation of the Riemann zeta function, an approximation of the zeta function by a sum of
Local zeta function
In number theory, the local zeta function Z(V, s) (sometimes called the congruent zeta function or the Hasse–Weil zeta function) is defined as where V is a non-singular n-dimensional projective algebr
Shimizu L-function
In mathematics, the Shimizu L-function, introduced by Hideo Shimizu, is a Dirichlet series associated to a totally real algebraic number field.Michael Francis Atiyah, H. Donnelly, and I. M. Singerdefi
Turing's method
In mathematics, Turing's method is used to verify that for any given Gram point gm there lie m + 1 zeros of ζ(s), in the region 0 < Im(s) < Im(gm), where ζ(s) is the Riemann zeta function. It was disc
Lerch zeta function
In mathematics, the Lerch zeta function, sometimes called the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function, is a special function that generalizes the Hurwitz zeta function and the polylogarithm. It is named after Cze
Artin L-function
In mathematics, an Artin L-function is a type of Dirichlet series associated to a linear representation ρ of a Galois group G. These functions were introduced in 1923 by Emil Artin, in connection with
Rational zeta series
In mathematics, a rational zeta series is the representation of an arbitrary real number in terms of a series consisting of rational numbers and the Riemann zeta function or the Hurwitz zeta function.
Z function
In mathematics, the Z function is a function used for studying the Riemann zeta function along the critical line where the argument is one-half. It is also called the Riemann–Siegel Z function, the Ri
Stieltjes constants
In mathematics, the Stieltjes constants are the numbers that occur in the Laurent series expansion of the Riemann zeta function: The constant is known as the Euler–Mascheroni constant.
Li's criterion
In number theory, Li's criterion is a particular statement about the positivity of a certain sequence that is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. The criterion is named after Xian-Jin Li, who presen
Grand Riemann hypothesis
In mathematics, the grand Riemann hypothesis is a generalisation of the Riemann hypothesis and generalized Riemann hypothesis. It states that the nontrivial zeros of all automorphic L-functions lie on
Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture
In mathematics, the Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture is a restriction problem in the representation theory of real or p-adic Lie groups posed by Gan Wee Teck, Benedict Gross, and Dipendra Prasad. The probl
Feller–Tornier constant
In mathematics, the Feller–Tornier constant CFT is the density of the set of all positive integers that have an even number of distinct prime factors raised to a power larger than one (ignoring any pr
Airy zeta function
In mathematics, the Airy zeta function, studied by , is a function analogous to the Riemann zeta function and related to the zeros of the Airy function.
Stark conjectures
In number theory, the Stark conjectures, introduced by Stark and later expanded by Tate, give conjectural information about the coefficient of the leading term in the Taylor expansion of an Artin L-fu
Matsumoto zeta function
In mathematics, Matsumoto zeta functions are a type of zeta function introduced by Kohji Matsumoto in 1990. They are functions of the form where p is a prime and Ap is a polynomial.
Zeta function universality
In mathematics, the universality of zeta functions is the remarkable ability of the Riemann zeta function and other similar functions (such as the Dirichlet L-functions) to approximate arbitrary non-v
Euler product
In number theory, an Euler product is an expansion of a Dirichlet series into an infinite product indexed by prime numbers. The original such product was given for the sum of all positive integers rai
Hadjicostas's formula
In mathematics, Hadjicostas's formula is a formula relating a certain double integral to values of the Gamma function and the Riemann zeta function. It is named after Petros Hadjicostas.
Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions
In number theory, Dirichlet's theorem, also called the Dirichlet prime number theorem, states that for any two positive coprime integers a and d, there are infinitely many primes of the form a + nd, w
Motivic L-function
In mathematics, motivic L-functions are a generalization of Hasse–Weil L-functions to general motives over global fields. The local L-factor at a finite place v is similarly given by the characteristi
Dwork conjecture
In mathematics, the Dwork unit root zeta function, named after Bernard Dwork, is the L-function attached to the p-adic Galois representation arising from the p-adic etale cohomology of an algebraic va
Siegel zero
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of analytic number theory, a Landau–Siegel zero or simply Siegel zero (also known as exceptional zero), named after Edmund Landau and Carl Ludwig Siegel,
Minakshisundaram–Pleijel zeta function
The Minakshisundaram–Pleijel zeta function is a zeta function encoding the eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a compact Riemannian manifold. It was introduced by Subbaramiah Minakshisundaram and Åke Plei
Artin–Mazur zeta function
In mathematics, the Artin–Mazur zeta function, named after Michael Artin and Barry Mazur, is a function that is used for studying the iterated functions that occur in dynamical systems and fractals. I
Goss zeta function
In the field of mathematics, the Goss zeta function, named after David Goss, is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function for function fields. proved that it satisfies an analogue of the Riemann hypoth
Arakawa–Kaneko zeta function
In mathematics, the Arakawa–Kaneko zeta function is a generalisation of the Riemann zeta function which generates special values of the polylogarithm function.
Polylogarithm
In mathematics, the polylogarithm (also known as Jonquière's function, for Alfred Jonquière) is a special function Lis(z) of order s and argument z. Only for special values of s does the polylogarithm
Generalized Riemann hypothesis
The Riemann hypothesis is one of the most important conjectures in mathematics. It is a statement about the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Various geometrical and arithmetical objects can be desc
Beurling zeta function
In mathematics, a Beurling zeta function is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function where the ordinary primes are replaced by a set of Beurling generalized primes: any sequence of real numbers greate
Selberg zeta function
The Selberg zeta-function was introduced by Atle Selberg. It is analogous to the famous Riemann zeta function where is the set of prime numbers. The Selberg zeta-function uses the lengths of simple cl
Prime zeta function
In mathematics, the prime zeta function is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function, studied by . It is defined as the following infinite series, which converges for :
Langlands program
In representation theory and algebraic number theory, the Langlands program is a web of far-reaching and influential conjectures about connections between number theory and geometry. Proposed by Rober
Riemann–Siegel theta function
In mathematics, the Riemann–Siegel theta function is defined in terms of the gamma function as for real values of t. Here the argument is chosen in such a way that a continuous function is obtained an
Rankin–Selberg method
In mathematics, the Rankin–Selberg method, introduced by (Rankin ) and Selberg, also known as the theory of integral representations of L-functions, is a technique for directly constructing and analyt
Ihara zeta function
In mathematics, the Ihara zeta function is a zeta function associated with a finite graph. It closely resembles the Selberg zeta function, and is used to relate closed walks to the spectrum of the adj
Brumer–Stark conjecture
The Brumer–Stark conjecture is a conjecture in algebraic number theory giving a rough generalization of both the analytic class number formula for Dedekind zeta functions, and also of Stickelberger's
Riemann zeta function
The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (zeta), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as for and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
Lindelöf hypothesis
In mathematics, the Lindelöf hypothesis is a conjecture by Finnish mathematician Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (see ) about the rate of growth of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. This hypothes
Langlands–Deligne local constant
In mathematics, the Langlands–Deligne local constant, also known as the local epsilon factor or local Artin root number (up to an elementary real function of s), is an elementary function associated w
ZetaGrid
ZetaGrid was at one time the largest distributed computing project, designed to explore the non-trivial roots of the Riemann zeta function, checking over one billion roots a day. Roots of the zeta fun
Chowla–Mordell theorem
In mathematics, the Chowla–Mordell theorem is a result in number theory determining cases where a Gauss sum is the square root of a prime number, multiplied by a root of unity. It was proved and publi
Dirichlet beta function
In mathematics, the Dirichlet beta function (also known as the Catalan beta function) is a special function, closely related to the Riemann zeta function. It is a particular Dirichlet L-function, the
Hurwitz zeta function
In mathematics, the Hurwitz zeta function is one of the many zeta functions. It is formally defined for complex variables s with Re(s) > 1 and a ≠ 0, −1, −2, … by This series is absolutely convergent
Weil's criterion
In mathematics, Weil's criterion is a criterion of André Weil for the Generalized Riemann hypothesis to be true. It takes the form of an equivalent statement, to the effect that a certain generalized
List of zeta functions
In mathematics, a zeta function is (usually) a function analogous to the original example, the Riemann zeta function Zeta functions include:
* Airy zeta function, related to the zeros of the Airy fun
Clausen function
In mathematics, the Clausen function, introduced by Thomas Clausen, is a transcendental, special function of a single variable. It can variously be expressed in the form of a definite integral, a trig
Riemann Xi function
In mathematics, the Riemann Xi function is a variant of the Riemann zeta function, and is defined so as to have a particularly simple functional equation. The function is named in honour of Bernhard R
Eichler–Shimura congruence relation
In number theory, the Eichler–Shimura congruence relation expresses the local L-function of a modular curve at a prime p in terms of the eigenvalues of Hecke operators. It was introduced by Eichler an
L-function
In mathematics, an L-function is a meromorphic function on the complex plane, associated to one out of several categories of mathematical objects. An L-series is a Dirichlet series, usually convergent
Multiple zeta function
In mathematics, the multiple zeta functions are generalisations of the Riemann zeta function, defined by and converge when Re(s1) + ... + Re(si) > i for all i. Like the Riemann zeta function, the mult
Arithmetic zeta function
In mathematics, the arithmetic zeta function is a zeta function associated with a scheme of finite type over integers. The arithmetic zeta function generalizes the Riemann zeta function and Dedekind z
Basel problem
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonh
Odlyzko–Schönhage algorithm
In mathematics, the Odlyzko–Schönhage algorithm is a fast algorithm for evaluating the Riemann zeta function at many points, introduced by (Odlyzko & Schönhage ). The main point is the use of the fast
Riesz function
In mathematics, the Riesz function is an entire function defined by Marcel Riesz in connection with the Riemann hypothesis, by means of the power series If we set we may define it in terms of the coef
Zeta function regularization
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can b
Tate's thesis
In number theory, Tate's thesis is the 1950 PhD thesis of John Tate completed under the supervision of Emil Artin at Princeton University. In it, Tate used a translation invariant integration on the l
Particular values of the Riemann zeta function
In mathematics, the Riemann zeta function is a function in complex analysis, which is also important in number theory. It is often denoted ζ(s) and is named after the mathematician Bernhard Riemann. W
Hardy–Littlewood zeta-function conjectures
In mathematics, the Hardy–Littlewood zeta-function conjectures, named after Godfrey Harold Hardy and John Edensor Littlewood, are two conjectures concerning the distances between zeros and the density
Local Langlands conjectures
In mathematics, the local Langlands conjectures, introduced by Robert Langlands , are part of the Langlands program. They describe a correspondence between the complex representations of a reductive a
Barnes zeta function
In mathematics, a Barnes zeta function is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function introduced by E. W. Barnes. It is further generalized by the Shintani zeta function.
Automorphic L-function
In mathematics, an automorphic L-function is a function L(s,π,r) of a complex variable s, associated to an automorphic representation π of a reductive group G over a global field and a finite-dimensio
Lefschetz zeta function
In mathematics, the Lefschetz zeta-function is a tool used in topological periodic and fixed point theory, and dynamical systems. Given a continuous map , the zeta-function is defined as the formal se
Functional equation (L-function)
In mathematics, the L-functions of number theory are expected to have several characteristic properties, one of which is that they satisfy certain functional equations. There is an elaborate theory of
Dirichlet series
In mathematics, a Dirichlet series is any series of the form where s is complex, and is a complex sequence. It is a special case of general Dirichlet series. Dirichlet series play a variety of importa
Shintani zeta function
In mathematics, a Shintani zeta function or Shintani L-function is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function. They were first studied by Takuro Shintani. They include Hurwitz zeta functions and Ba