Tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures. Tiltmeters are used extensively for monitoring volcanoes,
Mariner's astrolabe
The mariner's astrolabe, also called sea astrolabe, was an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun's noon altitude (declination) or the meridian altitude of a
Spirit level
A spirit level, bubble level, or simply a level, is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb). Different types of spirit levels may be used by carp
Water level (device)
A water level (Greek: Aλφαδολάστιχο or (υδροστάθμη) [Alfadolasticho]) is a siphon utilizing two or more parts of the liquid water surface to establish a local horizontal line or plane of reference. It
Bull's eye level
A bull's eye level is a type of spirit level that allows for the leveling of planes in two dimensions — both the 'pitch' and 'roll' in nautical terms. Standard only consider one dimension. Bull's eye
Theodolite
A theodolite (/θiˈɒdəˌlaɪt/) is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes. The traditional use has been for land surve
Alidade
An alidade (/ˈæ.lɪ.deɪd/) (archaic forms include alhidade, alhidad, alidad) or a turning board is a device that allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task. This t
Topographic Abney level
An Abney level and clinometer is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An interna
Astrolabe
An astrolabe (Ancient Greek: ἀστρολάβος astrolábos; Arabic: ٱلأَسْطُرلاب al-Asṭurlāb; Persian: ستارهیاب Setāreyāb) is an ancient astronomical instrument that was a handheld model of the universe. Its
Liquid capacitive inclinometers
Liquid capacitive inclinometers are inclinometers (or clinometers) whose sensing elements are made with a liquid-filled differential capacitor; they sense the local direction of acceleration due to gr
Plumb bob
A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the
Inclinometer
An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator, tilt
Archipendulum
The archipendulum is an ancient ancestor of the spirit level and astrolabe, and was used to check whether a line was horizontal or at a desired inclination. It consisted of a handheld A-shaped constru
Reed level
A reed level is an Arabic invention for determining level for the purpose of construction. A hole is put through a long straight reed and water is poured into the center. When the flow out of both sid