In mathematics, a Lie algebra is nilpotent if its lower central series terminates in the zero subalgebra. The lower central series is the sequence of subalgebras We write , and for all . If the lower central series eventually arrives at the zero subalgebra, then the Lie algebra is called nilpotent. The lower central series for Lie algebras is analogous to the lower central series in group theory, and nilpotent Lie algebras are analogs of nilpotent groups. The nilpotent Lie algebras are precisely those that can be obtained from abelian Lie algebras, by successive central extensions. Note that the definition means that, viewed as a non-associative non-unital algebra, a Lie algebra is nilpotent if it is nilpotent as an ideal. (Wikipedia).
If N is a nilpotent operator on a finite-dimensional vector space, then there is a basis of the vector space with respect to which N has a matrix with only 0's on and below the diagonal.
From playlist Linear Algebra Done Right
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From playlist Algebra
This lecture is part of an online graduate course on Lie groups. We state Engel's theorem about nilpotent Lie algebras and sketch a proof of it. We give an example of a nilpotent Lie group that is not a matrix group. For the other lectures in the course see https://www.youtube.com/play
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