Theorems in analysis | Factorial and binomial topics

Mahler's theorem

In mathematics, Mahler's theorem, introduced by Kurt Mahler, expresses continuous p-adic functions in terms of polynomials. Over any field of characteristic 0, one has the following result: Let be the forward difference operator. Then for polynomial functions f we have the Newton series where is the kth binomial coefficient polynomial. Over the field of real numbers, the assumption that the function f is a polynomial can be weakened, but it cannot be weakened all the way down to mere continuity. Mahler's theorem states that if f is a continuous p-adic-valued function on the p-adic integers then the same identity holds. The relationship between the operator Δ and this polynomial sequence is much like that between differentiation and the sequence whose kth term is xk. It is remarkable that as weak an assumption as continuity is enough; by contrast, Newton series on the field of complex numbers are far more tightly constrained, and require Carlson's theorem to hold. (Wikipedia).

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Related pages

Polynomial sequence | Characteristic (algebra) | Field (mathematics) | P-adic number | Continuous function | Carlson's theorem | Polynomial function