Hidden variable theory | Quantum measurement

Hidden-variable theory

In physics, hidden-variable theories are proposals to provide explanations of quantum mechanical phenomena through the introduction of (possibly unobservable) hypothetical entities. The existence of fundamental indeterminacy for some measurements is assumed as part of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics; moreover, bounds for indeterminacy can be expressed in a quantitative form by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Most hidden-variable theories are attempts to avoid quantum indeterminacy, but possibly at the expense of requiring the existence of nonlocal interactions. Albert Einstein objected to aspects of quantum mechanics, and famously declared "I am convinced God does not play dice". Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen argued by assuming local causality that quantum mechanics is an incomplete description of reality. Bell's theorem and subsequent experiments would later show that local hidden variables (a way for finding a complete description of reality) of certain types are impossible. A famous non-local theory is the De Broglie–Bohm theory. (Wikipedia).

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EPR paradox | Path integral formulation | Almost all | Albert Einstein | Continuous function | Bell's theorem | Copenhagen interpretation | No-go theorem | Principle of locality | John von Neumann | De Broglie–Bohm theory | Interpretations of quantum mechanics | Local hidden-variable theory | Separable state | Uncertainty principle | Pilot wave theory | Consistency | Quantum entanglement | Holism in science | Kochen–Specker theorem | Spekkens toy model