Spatial analysis | Covariance and correlation

Geary's C

Geary's C is a measure of spatial autocorrelation or an attempt to determine if adjacent observations of the same phenomenon are correlated. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than autocorrelation because the correlation is multi-dimensional and bi-directional. Geary's C is defined as where is the number of spatial units indexed by and ; is the variable of interest; is the mean of ; is a matrix of spatial weights with zeroes on the diagonal (i.e., ); and is the sum of all . The value of Geary's C lies between 0 and some unspecified value greater than 1. Values significantly lower than 1 demonstrate increasing positive spatial autocorrelation, whilst values significantly higher than 1 illustrate increasing negative spatial autocorrelation. Geary's C is inversely related to Moran's I, but it is not identical. Moran's I is a measure of global spatial autocorrelation, while Geary's C is more sensitive to local spatial autocorrelation. Geary's C is also known as Geary's contiguity ratio or simply Geary's ratio. This statistic was developed by Roy C. Geary. (Wikipedia).

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Related pages

Autocorrelation | Moran's I