In quantum mechanics, counterfactual definiteness (CFD) is the ability to speak "meaningfully" of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed (i.e., the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured). The term "counterfactual definiteness" is used in discussions of physics calculations, especially those related to the phenomenon called quantum entanglement and those related to the Bell inequalities. In such discussions "meaningfully" means the ability to treat these unmeasured results on an equal footing with measured results in statistical calculations. It is this (sometimes assumed but unstated) aspect of counterfactual definiteness that is of direct relevance to physics and mathematical models of physical systems and not philosophical concerns regarding the meaning of unmeasured results. "Counterfactual" may appear in physics discussions as a noun. What is meant in this context is "a value that could have been measured but, for one reason or another, was not." (Wikipedia).
What are the different types of conditional statements
π Learn how to find the inverse, the converse, and the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusio
From playlist Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Conditional Statements
The Contrapositive and Proof by Contrapositive
The contrapositive is a powerful tool that can be used to prove various mathematical statements. It is most useful when a direct proof is awkward or impossible, and - if it can be used - is often a much more elegant method that employing proof by contradiction. #proof #contrapositive #proo
From playlist Proofs and Explanations
What are the different forms of conditional statements
π Learn how to find the inverse, the converse, and the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusio
From playlist Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Conditional Statements
How to determine the converse inverse and contrapositive from a statement
π Learn how to find the inverse, the converse, and the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusio
From playlist Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Conditional Statements
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From playlist The Nature of Proof
What are examples of a statements converse, inverse, and contrapositive
π Learn how to find the inverse, the converse, and the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusio
From playlist Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Conditional Statements
Write the conditional, converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the statement ex
π Learn how to find the inverse, the converse, and the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusio
From playlist Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Conditional Statements
Counterfactual Fairness: Matt Kusner, The Alan Turing Institute
Dr Kusner is a Research Fellow at The Alan Turing Institute. He was previously a visiting researcher at Cornell University, under the supervision of Kilian Q Weinberger, and received his PhD in Machine Learning from Washington University in St Louis. His research is in the areas of counter
From playlist AI for Social Good
The Nature of Causation: The Counterfactual Theory of Causation
In this second lecture in this series on the nature of causation, Marianne Talbot discusses the counterfactual theory of causation. We have causal theories of reference, perception, knowledge, content and numerous other things. If it were to turn out that causation doesnβt exist, we would
From playlist The Nature of Causation
How to determine the contrapositive of a conditional statement
π Learn how to find the contrapositive of a statement. The contrapositive of a statement is the switching of the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If the hypothesis of a statement is represented by p and the conclusion is represented by q, then the
From playlist Contrapositive of a Statement
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From playlist Data Science Concepts
Constructor Theory: A New Explanation of Fundamental Physics - Chiara Marletto and Marcus du Sautoy
Constructor theory holds promise for revolutionising the way fundamental physics is formulated and for providing essential tools to face existing technological challenges. Chiara's book "The Science of Can and Can't" is available now: https://geni.us/ChiaraMarletto Watch the Q&A: https://y
From playlist Livestreams
TMCF workshop - Theory and methods challenges in counterfactual prediction, Karla Diaz-Ordaz
Prediction algorithms in AI use machine learning and statistics to make predictions about an event, given what we know now. Examples include whether a covid-19 patient will require ventilation, or whether a person seeking insurance will make a claim. These predictions can be used for plann
From playlist Theory and Methods Challenge Fortnights
Simplify the Negation of Statements with Quantifiers and Predicates
This video provides two examples of how to determine simplified logically equivalent statements containing quantifiers and predicates. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Symbolic Logic and Proofs (Discrete Math)
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From playlist Causal Inference
The Nature of Causation: The Necessary Connection Analysis
In this third lecture in this series on the nature of causation, Marianne Talbot discusses the necessary connection analysis of causation. We have causal theories of reference, perception, knowledge, content and numerous other things. If it were to turn out that causation doesnβt exist, w
From playlist The Nature of Causation
William Lane Craig - How Free is God?
God is supposed to be all-powerful, all-knowing and all good. In addition, is God is supposed to be 'all-free'? What does it mean for God to be perfectly free? Can God do literally anything? Click here to watch more interviews with William Lane Craig http://bit.ly/19HcQMr Click here to w
From playlist Big Questions About God - Closer To Truth - Core Topic
AI Weekly Update - February 3rd, 2020 (#15)
Meena Chatbot: https://ai.googleblog.com/2020/01/towards-conversational-agent-that-can.html Curriculum for Reinforcement Learning: https://lilianweng.github.io/lil-log/2020/01/29/curriculum-for-reinforcement-learning.html Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning: https://ankeshanand.com/blog/2
From playlist AI Research Weekly Updates
Disproving implications with Counterexamples
Counterexamples are one of the most powerful types of proof methods in math and philosophy. When you give a counterexample, you are demonstrating that some claim if false. For instance, if I say that every prime number is odd, I can disprove that claim by observing that 2 is a prime which
From playlist Discrete Math (Full Course: Sets, Logic, Proofs, Probability, Graph Theory, etc)
[Drama] Who invented Contrast Sets?
Funny Twitter spat between researchers arguing who was the first to invent an idea that has probably been around since 1990 :D References: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02709 https://twitter.com/nlpmattg/status/1247326213296672768 https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12434 https://twitter.com/zacharyl
From playlist ML in Society