A checksum is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. By themselves, checksums are often used to verify data integrity but are not relied upon to verify data authenticity. The procedure which generates this checksum is called a checksum function or checksum algorithm. Depending on its design goals, a good checksum algorithm usually outputs a significantly different value, even for small changes made to the input. This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted. Checksum functions are related to hash functions, fingerprints, randomization functions, and cryptographic hash functions. However, each of those concepts has different applications and therefore different design goals. For instance, a function returning the start of a string can provide a hash appropriate for some applications but will never be a suitable checksum. Checksums are used as cryptographic primitives in larger authentication algorithms. For cryptographic systems with these two specific design goals, see HMAC. Check digits and parity bits are special cases of checksums, appropriate for small blocks of data (such as Social Security numbers, bank account numbers, computer words, single bytes, etc.). Some error-correcting codes are based on special checksums which not only detect common errors but also allow the original data to be recovered in certain cases. (Wikipedia).
Condensing a logarithmic expression and simplifying the expression
π Learn how to condense logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form. Knowledge of the logarithm law
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
Ex: Determine the Value of a Number on a Logarithmic Scale (Log Form)
This video explains how to determine the value of several numbers on a logarithmic scale scaled in logarithmic form. http://mathispower4u.com
From playlist Using the Definition of a Logarithm
Condensing logarithms with multiple parentheses
π Learn how to condense logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form. Knowledge of the logarithm law
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
What is the difference between convex and concave
π Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
Simplifying a logarithmic expression by condensing multiple terms
π Learn how to condense logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form. Knowledge of the logarithm law
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
How to rewrite a logarithmic expression as one single logarithm
π Learn how to condense/expand logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form and to expand logarithmi
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
How to condense a logarithmic expression using a radical
π Learn how to condense logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form. Knowledge of the logarithm law
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
Scandium - Periodic Table of Videos
New version of our Scandium video can be found at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkKv5ilmRjY More links in description below βββ Scandium is element number 21 on the periodic table. Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/periodicvideos A video on every element: htt
From playlist With Portuguese subtitles (PortuguΓͺs) - Periodic Videos
From playlist Pre-Algebra/Introductory Algebra
What Is Checksum Error Detection? | What Is Checksum And How It Works? | Simplilearn
"In this video on 'What Is Checksum?', we will look at one of the most applied error-detection methods of the network domain, the checksum method, along with details and the working steps of the checksum method. Topics covered in this video on 'What Is Checksum?' are as follows: 00:00:00
From playlist Networking
Checksums and Hamming distance
The term "checksum" can refer to all sorts of different error detection codes. How are some better than others? What types of errors are they good at detecting? And how do you calculate different types of checksums? Support these videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/beneater or http
From playlist Error detection
26C3: Exposing Crypto Bugs through reverse engineering 4/5
Clip 4/5 Speaker: Philippe Oechslin Breaking good crypto is hard. It takes a genius to find a flaw in AES or Blowfish. On the other hand, it is also difficult to program cryptography correctly. Thus the simpler way of breaking a cryptographic software is often to reverse engineer it a
From playlist 26C3: Here be dragons day 1
Checksum is a method of checking for errors in a communications system. I'm Mr. Woo and my channel is all about learning - I love doing it, and I love helping others to do it too. I guess that's why I became a teacher! I hope you get something out of these videos - I upload almost every w
From playlist Communications & Network Systems
DEFCON 20: No More Hooks: Detection of Code Integrity Attacks
Speakers: XENO KOVAH THE MITRE CORPORATION COREY KALLENBERG THE MITRE CORPORATION Hooking is the act of redirecting program control flow somewhere other than it would go by default. For instance code can be "inlined hooked" by rewriting instructions to unconditionally transfer to other co
From playlist DEFCON 20
CS105: Introduction to Computers | 2021 | Lecture 20.2 Computer Security: Mechanisms
Patrick Young Computer Science, PhD This course is a survey of Internet technology and the basics of computer hardware. You will learn what computers are and how they work and gain practical experience in the development of websites and an introduction to programming. To follow along wi
From playlist Stanford CS105 - Introduction to Computers Full Course
[Rust Programming] Advent of Code 2016 Day 16 - Dragon Checksum
My Rust solution for Day 16 of Advent of Code 2016. [NOTE: This video was streamed November 2022] I livestream these on twitch when I can, on occasional weekday mornings, starting between 7 and 7:30am Eastern/US time. I usually stream for about 1-2 hours, depending on how well my voice
From playlist Advent of Code 2016
Discrete Structures: Random number generators, checksums, hashing
Learn about random number generators, checksums, and hashing. We'll start with the von Neumann random number generator and the contemporary linear congruential generator. Then we'll go over the Luhn algorithm used for credit card number validation and then introduce hash functions such as
From playlist Discrete Structures, Spring 2022
Modular Arithmetic and Checksums
5 hours after 10 o'clock it's 3 o'clock. So in some sense, 10+5 = 3. That sense is called modular arithmetic. In this video I explore this form of arithmetic, and look at its application to checksums, such as the last digit on a bank card num er.
From playlist Summer of Math Exposition Youtube Videos
Condensing logarithmic expressions
π Learn how to condense logarithmic expressions. A logarithmic expression is an expression having logarithms in it. To condense logarithmic expressions means to use the logarithm laws to reduce logarithm expressions from the expanded form to a condensed form. Knowledge of the logarithm law
From playlist Condense Logarithms with Brackets
Office Hours SWIP - Mats Rynge
ResearchSOC - Office Hours SWIP - Mats Rynge
From playlist Center for Applied Cybersecurity Research (CACR)